Table 4: Factors affecting insulin leakage after injections.
| Parameter | Total patients (N=847) | Leakage present (n=329) | Leakage absent (n=518) | p* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin device | ||||
| Syringe | 68.1 | 69.0 | 67.6 | 0.705 |
| Pen | 31.9 | 31.0 | 32.4 | |
| Dwell time after injection | ||||
| <5 S | 34.7 | 39.5 | 31.7 | 0.038 |
| 5-10 S | 44.3 | 39.8 | 47.1 | |
| >10 S | 7.7 | 6.1 | 8.7 | |
| Not aware how long | 13.3 | 14.6 | 12.5 | |
| Needle length | ||||
| 4 mm | 8.3 | 13.4 | 5.0 | <0.001 |
| 5 mm | 14.4 | 17.0 | 12.7 | |
| 6 mm | 31.8 | 22.5 | 37.6 | |
| 8 mm | 40.5 | 45.3 | 37.5 | |
| 12 mm | 5.1 | 1.8 | 7.1 | |
| TDD of insulin, IU mean ± SD | 41 ± 25 | 45 ± 29 | 39 ± 22 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as % unless otherwise stated.
*p-value by Student’s t-test or Chi-square test as applicable.
IU= international unit; s = seconds; SD = standard deviation; TDD = total daily dose.