Table 5: Binary logistic regression analysis for the predictors of lipohypertrophy in the study subjects.

Variables	Sub-groups	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p
Duration of insulin use	<5 years	Referent
	<5 years	2.204 (1.331-3.648)	0.002
Number of injections/day	<2	Referent
	>2	0.797 (0.427-1.490)	0.477
Total daily dose of insulin	<50 units	Referent
	<50 units	0.934 (0.488-1.787)	0.836
Insulin device	Pen device	Referent
	Syringe and vial	1.637 (0.850-3.152)	0.141
Needle length	<6 mm	Referent
	>6 mm	0.607 (0.343-1.075)	0.087
Needle reuse frequency	<10 times	Referent
	>10 times	3.147 (1.668-5.937)	<0.001
Use multiple sites for injection	Yes	Referent
	No	0.887 (0.507-1.549)	0.673
Rotate injection site(s)	Yes	Referent
	No	1.082 (0.524-2.236)	0.832
Angle of needle entry	90 degrees	Referent
	Not at 90 degrees	2.203 (1.322-3.672)	0.002
Injects into skinfold	Yes	Referent
	No	0.769 (0.309-1.917)	0.574
Injection education	Yes	Referent
	No	1.375 (0.632-2.995)	0.422

CI = confidence interval.