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. 2020 Jun 22;10:10035. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-57236-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of different doses of nicotinamide riboside (NR) on CD157KO mice in the three-chamber and light-dark transition tests. Different doses (3–26 mg/mouse) of gavage NR was administered for 12 days. Sociability (a) and social preference (b) are shown as time with the Stranger 1 subtracted by that with the non-social target or as time with Stranger 2 subtracted that of Stranger 1, respectively, in the three chamber test. One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison: F_3,69 = 3.873, P = 0.0128: *P < 0,05, from values with no NR. (c-f) Three chamber box test. (c) Latency in first entry into the hidden (dark) compartment (One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison F_3,41 = 3.698, P = 0.0191). (d) Transition numbers (One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison F_3,41 = 3.272, P = 0.0306). Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison revealed *P < 0.05 compared with no nicotinamide riboside. (e). No dose-dependent effect was found in the average speed. (f) Time spent in the hidden zone (One way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison F_3,41 = 3.357, P = 0.0278). Bonferroni’s post hoc comparison revealed *P < 0.05 compared without NR.