Table 2.
Unadjusted odds ratios for risk factors associated with virus positivity among 105 swine slurry samples.
| Predictor | Adenovirus | Enterovirus | Coronavirus | Senecavirus | Any positivesa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | No. (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Month | ||||||||||
| July | 1 (8.3) | 0.10 (0.01, 1.02) | 5 (41.7) | 4.64 (0.71, 30.42) | 3 (25.0) | 1.33 (0.22, 8.22) | 0 (0.0) | – | 8 (66.7) | 1.00 (0.20, 5.00) |
| August | 6 (30.0) | 0.50 (0.12, 1.97) | 10 (50.0) | 6.50 (1.16, 36.57) | 6 (30.0) | 1.71 (0.35, 8.37) | 4 (20.0) | 0.46 (0.11, 1.94) | 8 (66.7) | 2.83 (0.55, 14.47) |
| September | 6 (42.9) | 0.86 (0.20, 3.71) | 13 (92.9) | 84.50 (6.80, 1,050.80) | 5 (35.7) | 2.22 (0.42, 11.83) | 9 (64.3) | 3.34 (0.80, 13.94) | 17 (85.0) | – |
| October | 8 (57.1) | 1.52 (0.35, 6.60) | 13 (92.9) | 84.50 (6.80, 1,050.80) | 13 (92.9) | 52.00 (0.474, 570.53) | 0 (0.0) | – | 14 (100.0) | – |
| November | 3 (50.0) | 1.14 (0.17, 7.60) | 5 (83.3) | 32.50 (2.38, 443.14) | 6 (100.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | – | 6 (100.0) | – |
| April | 4 (100.0) | – | 4 (100.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | – | 4 (100.0) | – |
| May | 12 (60.0) | 1.71 (0.44, 6.63) | 9 (45.0) | 5.32 (0.94, 29.99) | 3 (15.0) | 0.71 (0.12, 4.11) | 7 (35.0) | Ref | 15 (75.0) | 1.50 (0.34, 5.56) |
| June | 7 (46.7) | Ref | 2 (13.3) | Ref | 3 (20.0) | Ref | 0 (0.0) | – | 10 (66.7) | Ref |
| Weather | ||||||||||
| Sun | 29 (44.6) | 1.29 (0.38, 4.36) | 38 (58.5) | 1.64 (0.50, 5.43) | 24 (36.9) | 3.22 (0.66, 15.77) | 9 (13.8) | 0.88 (0.17, 4.66) | 53 (81.5) | 1.32 (0.32, 5.56) |
| Sun & wind | 3 (37.5) | 0.96 (0.16, 5.90) | 5 (62.5) | 1.94 (0.32, 11.76) | 6 (75.0) | 16.50 (1.83, 148.61) | 4 (50.0) | 5.50 (0.71, 42.60) | 7 (87.5) | 2.10 (0.18, 24.60) |
| Cloudy/overcast | 8 (66.7) | 3.20 (0.62, 16.49) | 6 (50.0) | 1.17 (0.24, 5.62) | 5 (41.7) | 3.93 (0.59, 26.11) | 2 (16.7) | 1.10 (0.13, 9.34) | 12 (100.0) | – |
| Rain & wind | 2 (28.6) | 0.64 (0.09, 4.66) | 6 (85.7) | 1.94 (0.32, 11.71) | 2 (28.6) | 2.20 (0.24, 20.40) | 3 (42.9) | 4.12 (0.49, 34.49) | 6 (85.7) | 1.80 (0.15, 21.40) |
| Rain | 5 (38.5) | Ref | 6 (46.2) | Ref | 2 (15.4) | Ref | 2 (15.4) | Ref | 10 (76.9) | Ref |
| Temperature (°F) | ||||||||||
| < 70 | 6 (75.0) | 8.00 (1.25, 51.14) | 6 (75.0) | 3.60 (0.59, 21.93) | 4 (50.0) | 2.14 (0.41, 11.17) | 1 (12.5) | 0.49 (0.05, 4.94) | 8 (100.0) | – |
| 70–79 | 4 (33.3) | 1.33 (0.29, 6.12) | 10 (83.3) | 6.00 (1.06, 34.00) | 7 (58.3) | 3.00 (0.70, 12.88) | 2 (16.7) | 0.68 (0.11, 4.18) | 10 (83.3) | 1.11 (0.17, 7.17) |
| 80–89 | 31 (49.2) | 2.58 (0.89, 7.46) | 35 (55.6) | 1.50 (0.57, 3.98) | 21 (33.3) | 1.07 (0.38, 3.03) | 12 (19.0) | 0.80 (0.25, 2.60) | 52 (82.5) | 1.05 (0.30, 3.72) |
| 90 + | 6 (27.3) | Ref | 10 (45.4) | Ref | 7 (31.8) | Ref | 5 (22.7) | Ref | 18 (81.8) | Ref |
| Pigs weight (lbs) | ||||||||||
| 45–95 (Q1) | 5 (16.1) | 0.18 (0.05, 0.61) | 14 (45.2) | 2.12 (0.69, 6.51) | 9 (29.0) | 3.00 (0.72, 12.59) | 6 (19.4) | 1.76 (0.39, 7.89) | 25 (80.6) | 2.34 (0.70, 7.85) |
| 100–200 (Q2) | 14 (53.8) | 1.08 (0.36, 3.24) | 21 (80.8) | 10.80 (2.92, 39.99) | 12 (46.2) | 6.29 (1.50, 26.31) | 8 (30.8) | 3.26 (0.75, 14.12) | 25 (96.2) | 14.06 (1.62, 121.84) |
| 220–295 (Q3) | 15 (65.2) | 1.73 (0.54, 5.54) | 19 (82.6) | 12.21 (3.05, 48.91) | 15 (65.2) | 13.75 (3.13, 60.42) | 3 (13.0) | 1.10 (0.20, 6.09) | 22 (95.6) | 12.38 (1.42, 107.74) |
| 300 (Q4) | 13 (52.0) | Ref | 7 (28.0) | Ref | 3 (12.0) | Ref | 3 (12.0) | Ref | 16 (64.0) | Ref |
| Number of pigs | ||||||||||
| 1,000 + | 22 (53.7) | 1.81 (0.82, 3.99) | 32 (78.0) | 4.29 (1.77, 10.43) | 16 (39.0) | 1.14 (0.51, 2.56) | 9 (22.0) | 1.36 (0.51, 3.63) | 35 (85.4) | 1.21 (0.41, 3.57) |
| < 1,000 | 25 (39.1) | Ref | 29 (45.3) | Ref | 23 (35.9) | Ref | 11 (17.2) | Ref | 53 (82.8) | Ref |
| Adenovirus | ||||||||||
| Positive | – | – | 32 (68.1) | 2.13 (0.96, 4.75) | 18 (38.3) | 1.09 (0.49, 2.42) | 9 (19.2) | 1.01 (0.38, 2.69) | – | – |
| Negative | – | – | 29 (50.0) | Ref | 21 (36.2) | Ref | 11 (19.0) | Ref | – | – |
| Enterovirus | ||||||||||
| Positive | 32 (52.5) | 2.13 (0.96, 4.75) | – | – | 30 (49.2) | 3.76 (1.55, 9.15) | 16 (26.2) | 3.56 (1.10, 11.52) | – | – |
| Negative | 15 (34.1) | Ref | – | – | 9 (20.4) | Ref | 4 (9.1) | Ref | – | – |
| Coronavirus | ||||||||||
| Positive | 18 (46.2) | 1.09 (0.49, 2.42) | 30 (76.9) | 3.76 (1.55, 9.15) | – | – | 6 (15.4) | 0.68 (0.24, 1.93) | – | – |
| Negative | 29 (43.9) | Ref | 31 (47.0) | Ref | – | – | 14 (21.2) | Ref | – | – |
| Senecavirus | ||||||||||
| Positive | 9 (45.0) | 1.01 (0.38, 2.69) | 16 (80.0) | 3.56 (1.10, 11.52) | 6 (30.0) | 0.68 (0.23, 1.93) | – | – | – | – |
| Negative | 38 (44.7) | Ref | 45 (52.9) | Ref | 33 (38.8) | Ref | – | – | – | – |
Bold text represents significant results.
Samples were collected from swine waste pits at two pig farms in North Carolina between April and November 2018.
No. number of positives, OR unadjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref. referent group, Q quartile.
aAny positives outcome denotes one or more virus (adenovirus, enterovirus, coronavirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, porcine circovirus 2, porcine circovirus 3, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and senecavirus) detected in sample.