Table 4.
Clinical data on preterm infants divided by high or low gene expression of S100A alarmins in cord blood monocytes.
| High expression of S100A (n = 17) | Low expression of S100A (n = 16) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (days), mean (SD) | 177 (11) | 193 (11) | <0.001 |
| Gestational age (weeks + days), median (range) | 25 + 6 (23 + 0 – 27 + 5) | 27 + 6 (24 + 6 – 29 + 5) | |
| Birth weight (g), mean (SD) | 825 (220) | 1,020 (360) | ns |
| Boys | 14/17 (82.4%) | 9/16 (56.2%) | ns |
| Standard deviation score (SDS) for weight, mean (SD) | −0.047 (0.73) | −1.49 (1.63) | 0.02 |
| Small for Gestational Age (SGA) < −2 SD for weight | 0/17 (0%) | 4/16 (25%) | <0.05 |
| Twin infants | 4/17 (23.5%) | 6/16 (37.5%) | ns |
| Preeclampsia | 0/17 (0%) | 2/16 (12.5%) | ns |
| Suspected clinical chorioamnionitis | 6/17 (35.3%) | 5/16 (41.2%) | ns |
| Antenatal steroids | 17/17 (100%) | 16/16 (100%) | ns |
| Preterm Labor (PTL) | 7/17 (41.2%) | 4/16 (25%) | ns |
| Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) | 10/17 (58.8%) | 5/16 (31.2%) | ns |
| Spontaneous onset of delivery (PTL/PPROM) | 17/17 (100%) | 9/16 (56.2%) | 0.03 |
| Physician-initiated delivery | 0/17 (0%) | 7/16 (43.8%) | 0.03 |
| Delivered by cesarean section | 8/17 (47.1%) | 12/16 (75%) | ns |
| Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) | 12/15 (80%) | 2/12 (16.7%) | 0.002 |
| Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome (FIRS) | 9/15 (60%) | 2/12 (16.7%) | <0.05 |
| Infant elevated CRP and/or IL-6 at birth | 5/17 (29.4%) | 0/16 (0%) | <0.05 |
| Early onset sepsis (<3 d of age) | 1/17 (5.8%) | 0/16 (0%) | ns |
| Late onset sepsis (>3 d of age) | 0/14 (0%) | 2/14 (14.3%) | ns |
| Death | 1/17 (5.8%) | 2/16 (12.5%) | ns |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) grade 3–4 | 2/17 (11.8%) | 3/16 (18.8%) | ns |
| Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) | 2/17 (11.8%) | 1/16 (6.2%) | ns |
| Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | 11/17 (76.5%) | 3/14 (21.4%) | 0.03 |
| Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) | 8/15 (53.3%) | 5/14 (35.7%) | ns |
Following normality tests, groups were compared using unpaired t-test or Fisher's Exact Test. Placenta data was not available in all infants and PDA and CLD could only be diagnosed in infants that survived until examination.