Figure 1.

Experimental time line. Mice were divided into three groups: Group 1 (APP/PS1, blue), Group 2 (APP/PS1, red) and Group 3 (WT, green). At the first two timepoints (10–11 and 12–13 months of age), all groups of mice were tested using Y-maze and object replacement tests before and one day after treatment with α-Ly6G or Iso-Ctr antibodies. At subsequent time points, behavioral testing was done only one day after antibody treatment. Groups 1 (blue) and 2 (red) of APP/PS1 mice alternated between treatment with α-Ly6G and Iso-Ctr at each time point, as indicated, while Group 3 (green) of WT mice always received α-Ly6G. After the last behavioral testing at 20–21 months of age, the APP/PS1 mice were randomly regrouped and mice received a chronic craniotomy to enable measurement of blood flow speed in penetrating arterioles using 2PEF imaging. Blood flow was measured before and 1 h after treatment with α-Ly6G or Iso-Ctr antibodies in APP/PS1 mice, while WT mice all received α-Ly6G.