Table 1.
Comparisons of baseline characteristics of groups by COVID-19 diagnosis
| Total (n = 127) | Positive (n = 56) | Negative (n = 71) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age – median (IQR)* | 41.0 (32.0–52.5) | 38.0 (31.8–47.2) | 43.0 (33.5–55.0) |
| Gender – % | |||
| Male | 38.6 | 41.1 | 36.6 |
| Female | 60.6 | 58.9 | 62.0 |
| Others | 0.8 | 0.0 | 1.4 |
| Smoking – % | |||
| Never | 67.7 | 71.4 | 64.8 |
| Current | 9.5 | 5.4 | 12.7 |
| Ex-smoker | 21.3 | 19.6 | 22.5 |
| Others (vape) | 1.6 | 3.6 | 0.0 |
| Comorbidities – % | |||
| Cardiac | 1.6 | 0.0 | 2.8 |
| Neurological | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Respiratory | 14.2 | 17.9 | 11.3 |
| Diabetes | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 |
| Hypertension | 13.4 | 10.7 | 15.5 |
| Cancer* | 5.5 | 0.0 | 9.9 |
| Head trauma | 5.5 | 3.6 | 7.0 |
| Chronic rhinosinusitis | 3.9 | 3.6 | 4.2 |
| Recent severe URTI or flu | 9.5 | 8.9 | 9.9 |
| None* | 38.6 | 25.0 | 49.3 |
| Time of survey completion from time of swab – % | |||
| 0–2 weeks | 14.2 | 30.4 | 1.4 |
| 2–4 weeks | 34.7 | 39.3 | 31.0 |
| >4 weeks | 51.2 | 30.4 | 67.6 |
| Hospitalization – n (%) | 7.0 | 7.3 | 0.0 |
| Overall symptoms – n (%) | |||
| Sore throat* | 52.0 | 37.5 | 63.4 |
| Cough* | 52.8 | 66.1 | 42.3 |
| Nasal congestion | 39.4 | 41.1 | 38.0 |
| Rhinorrhea | 36.2 | 26.8 | 43.7 |
| Fever* | 35.4 | 46.4 | 26.7 |
| Shortness of breath | 31.5 | 37.5 | 26.8 |
| Abdominal pain | 10.2 | 12.50 | 8.5 |
| Diarrhea* | 26.0 | 35.7 | 18.3 |
| Anosmia* | 20.5 | 42.9 | 2.8 |
| Hyposmia* | 6.3 | 12.5 | 1.4 |
| Dysgeusia/ageusia* | 26.0 | 57.1 | 1.4 |
| Fatigue | 11.8 | 7.1 | 15.5 |
| Headache* | 11.0 | 17.9 | 5.6 |
| Other** | 35.4 | 44.6 | 28.2 |
Notes:
*Statistically significant p-value (< 0.05). Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.
**Includes nonspecific symptoms, such as body aches, dizziness, ear pain, and myalgia with small prevalence.IQR = interquartile range; URTI = upper respiratory tract infection.