TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study1
| Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 262) (27.3%) | Bottom GL quartile (n = 66) | Top GL quartile (n = 65) | P value | Total (n = 697) (72.7%) | Bottom GL quartile (n = 175) | Top GL quartile (n = 174) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age, y | 56.8 ± 8.2 | 56.6 ± 7.4 | 57.8 ± 8.9 | 0.38 | 57.2 ± 7.4 | 56.6 ± 7.3 | 57.2 ± 6.8 | 0.42 |
| Education below high school | 166 (63.4) | 39 (59.1) | 41 (63.1) | 0.64 | 455 (65.3) | 114 (65.1) | 118 (67.8) | 0.60 |
| Weight status | ||||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.8 ± 5.0 | 30.4 ± 5.1 | 29.3 ± 4.3 | 0.18 | 32.9 ± 6.9 | 33.5 ± 7.3 | 32.4 ± 6.8 | 0.16 |
| Experiencing menopause | — | — | — | — | 576 (82.6) | 140 (80.0) | 152 (87.4) | 0.06 |
| Behavioral factors | ||||||||
| Smoker | 0.80 | 0.77 | ||||||
| Never | 80 (30.5) | 20 (30.3) | 22 (33.9) | 359 (51.5) | 87 (49.7) | 93 (53.5) | ||
| Former | 97 (37.0) | 25 (37.9) | 21 (32.2) | 190 (27.3) | 48 (27.4) | 43 (24.7) | ||
| Current | 85 (32.4) | 21 (31.8) | 22 (33.9) | 148 (21.2) | 40 (22.9) | 38 (21.8) | ||
| Physical activity score | 32.7 ± 5.9 | 33.9 ± 6.8 | 31.9 ± 5.4 | 0.07 | 31.1 ± 4.0 | 31.1 ± 3.6 | 31.1 ± 3.9 | 0.98 |
| Energy from protein, % | 16.8 ± 3.0 | 18.9 ± 3.6 | 14.7 ± 1.9 | <0.01 | 17.1 ± 3.3 | 19.8 ± 3.0 | 14.4 ± 2.1 | <0.01 |
| Energy from saturated fats, % | 9.8 ± 2.5 | 11.6 ± 2.9 | 8.4 ± 1.8 | <0.01 | 9.4 ± 2.3 | 11.2 ± 2.2 | 7.9 ± 1.9 | <0.01 |
| Energy from polyunsaturated fats, % | 8.8 ± 2.1 | 9.7 ± 2.5 | 8.0 ± 1.7 | <0.01 | 8.7 ± 2.1 | 9.5 ± 2.2 | 7.7 ± 1.8 | <0.01 |
| Energy from trans fats, % | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.18 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | <0.01 |
| Prevalence of chronic conditions | ||||||||
| Diabetes | 101 (38.7) | 27 (40.9) | 21 (32.3) | 0.31 | 259 (37.2) | 71 (40.6) | 54 (31.2) | 0.07 |
| Hypertension | 140 (70.8) | 50 (76.9) | 41 (64.1) | 0.11 | 464 (67.0) | 121 (69.5) | 105 (60.7) | 0.08 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 205 (78.2) | 50 (75.8) | 56 (86.2) | 0.13 | 414 (59.4) | 99 (56.6) | 106 (61.3) | 0.37 |
1
Values are mean ± SD for continuous variables, or frequency (percentage) for categorical ones. GL, glycemic load.