Figure 4.

Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) modulate glycolysis and mitochondrial function in maturing macrophages. F10 medium or MuSC supernatant (MuSC‐S) was supplied during the maturation of bone marrow‐derived monocytes. A, Analysis of 24‐hours lactate production in the supernatant of matured macrophages. B, Expression levels of metabolic related genes in matured macrophages. C, The accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (50 ng/mL) plus interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) (20 ng/mL) for 6 hours was measured by MitoSox Red. D, Matured macrophages were subjected to JC‐1 staining to measure their mitochondria membrane potential. E, Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and PD‐L1 mRNA expression were determined in macrophages treated with LPS (50 ng/mL) plus IFN‐γ (20 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of oligomycin A. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. MFI, mean fluorescence intensity