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. 2019 May 16;86(3):417–428. doi: 10.1093/neuros/nyz128

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Relationships between ARAS postoperative functional connectivity changes and disease measures in seizure-free patients. A, Larger increases in functional connectivity between each ARAS structure (CSC, PPN, and VTA) and frontoparietal neocortex are associated with higher preoperative focal impaired consciousness seizure frequency. B, Larger increases in functional connectivity between CSC and frontoparietal neocortex are associated with longer time between surgery and the postoperative scan, whereas no similar relationship is observed with changes in PPN or VTA connectivity. C, Patients with lower preoperative verbal IQ before surgery demonstrate a larger postoperative increase in functional connectivity between PPN and frontoparietal neocortex, although no similar relationship is noted for CSC or VTA. D-F, Patients with worse preoperative verbal memory performance show a larger increase in PPN postoperatively D, but no such relationship is noted for CSC E or VTA F. N = 10 patients, who ultimately achieved seizure freedom after surgery. *P value range = .02-.03, uncorrected, **P value range = .03-.04 after Bonferroni-Holm correction for Spearman's rho A-C or Mann–Whitney U-test D-F. Central bar shows median, bottom and top edges of box indicate 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers indicate data extremes. ARAS, ascending reticular activating system; CSC, cuneiform/subcuneiform nuclei; PPN, pedunculopontine nucleus; PreOp, preoperative patients; VTA, ventral tegmental area.