Fig. 1.

Schematic of the Penalty Shot Task. (A) Each trial consisted of three phases with intervening variable-duration ISIs: (i) the Opponent phase (2 s) that indicated the opponent for the upcoming trial, (ii) the Game Play phase, during which participants attempted to move the puck past the defending goalie (1.5 s), and (iii) the Outcome phase that displayed the outcome of the trial (either Win or Loss; 1.5 s). (B) One example trial of game play with the trajectory of the puck shown in green and the vertical movements of the goalie shown in red. Note that the goalie has a fixed horizontal position; here, we visualize the goalie as traveling along the x-axis from right to left to illustrate its trajectory.