Table 1.
Mean and standard deviation of measured parameters for females (F) and males (M) in control treatment (ad libitum) and under 60% caloric restriction.
| Control | Initial Sex effect | 60% Caloric restriction | CR effect | Sex effect in the caloric restriction response | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | M | p-value | F | M | p-value F | p-value M | V°f (%) | V°m (%) | p-value | |||
| Cortisol (ng.mgCreat.−1) | 603.4 ± 317.8 | 403.2 ± 111.5 | - | 992.3 ± 604.3 | 596.4 ± 245.3 | - | ° | +87.3 ± 142.4 | +43.5 ± 34.6 | - | ||
| 8-OHdG (ng.mgCreat. −1) | 387.4 ± 93.0 | 591.0 ± 262.4 | ° | 214.1 ± 36.3 | 324.6 ± 110.8 | * | * | −42.4 ± 14.9 | −42.7 ± 12.8 | - | ||
| Thiols (μmol.mgProt. −1) | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | - | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | - | ° | +4.9 ± 187.1 | −29.8 ± 44.8 | ° | ||
| GPx (U.mgProt. −1) | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.25 ± 0.17 | - | 0.34 ± 0.06 | 0.14 ± 0.04 | - | - | +28.85 ± 49.06 | −41.08 ± 19.71 | - | ||
| T4 (nmol.l−1) | 30.6 ± 8.5 | 32.4 ± 3.2 | - | 25.8 ± 8.8 | 21.3 ± 10.0 | - | * | −6.4 ± 46.6 | −35.6 ± 27.4 | - | ||
| 17 beta-Estradiol (pg.mgCreat. −1) | 33558.8 ± 15819.7 | 23364.4 ± 8297.4 | - | 60086.8 ± 13681.9 | 40180.7 ± 14563.2 | * | * | +119.9 ± 102.9 | +74.4 ± 35.6 | - | ||
| Testosterone (ng.mgCreat. −1) | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 64.1 ± 31.1 | *** | 12.9 ± 16.7 | 94.4 ± 78.0 | ° | – | +667.1 ± 1023.8 | +32.8 ± 65.7 | * | ||
| Glycaemia (mg.dl−1) | 95 ± 32 | 65 ± 9 | * | 84 ± 18 | 72 ± 11 | - | - | −1 ± 51 | +12 ± 26 | ° | ||
| Body mass (g) | 99.7 ± 3.8 | 90.0 ± 6.6 | * | 83.0 ± 5.1 | 77.2 ± 5.4 | * | * | −16.7 ± 4.3 | −14.2 ± 4.3 | ° | ||
| Oxidative coupling rate (% of baseline OCR) | 60.96 ± 6.6 | 72.59 ± 8.3 | ° | 69.49 ± 2.3 | 67.54 ± 2.1 | - | - | +9.77 ± 7.78 | −2.97 ± 12.06 | - | ||
| Mitochondrial reserve capacity (% of baseline OCR) | 202.4 ± 45.9 | 152.0 ± 21.8 | ° | 148.9 ± 33.0 | 134.8 ± 41.8 | - | - | −23.63 ± 24.07 | −19.7 ± 18.51 | - | ||
| Glycolytic potential (% of baseline ECAR) | 325.28 ± 27.37 | 363.92 ± 203.20 | - | 407.43 ± 128.65 | 439.77 ± 35.41 | – | – | +35.34 ± 36.25 | +44.70 ± 101.04 | – | ||
| Mt/Nu DNA Ratio | 1.78 ± 0.43 | 3.01 ± 0.44 | * | 2.56 ± 1.16 | 3.30 ± 1.43 | - | - | +2.99 ± 25.79 | +60.06 ± 30.17 | ° | ||
| RER | NIGHT | Max | 1.01 ± 0.04 | 0.97 ± 0.07 | - | 0.91 ± 0.04 | 0.95 ± 0.02 | * | - | −9.50 ± 4.49 | –0.81 ± 6.78 | * |
| hMax | 18:23 ± 1 h39 min | 17:44 ± 1 h 34 | - | 17 h 30 ± 41 min | 17 h 17 ± 41 min | - | - | −50 min ± 1 h34 min | −27 min ± 1 h52 min | - | ||
| Mean | 0.99 ± 0.077 | 0.96 ± 0.099 | - | 0.85 ± 0.076 | 0.90 ± 0.085 | * | ° | −13.0 ± 3.7 | −4.9 ± 5.9 | * | ||
| DAY | Min | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.73 ± 0.02 | - | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | - | - | 1.24 ± 7.07 | −3.19 ± 7.01 | - | |
| hMin | 07:00 ± 03 h 45 min | 10:43 ± 3 h 12 min | - | 03:53 ± 4 h 35 min | 4 h 58 ± 3 h 58 min | - | ° | −3 h 08 min ± 5 h 08 min | −5 h45 ± 4 h 28 min | - | ||
| Mean | 0.77 ± 0.07 | 0.78 ± 0.07 | - | 0.76 ± 0.06 | 0.75 ± 0.07 | - | * | −0.9 ± 5.2 | −3.6 ± 1.8 | - | ||
| VO2 (ml.kg−1.h−1) | NIGHT | Max | 2,343 ± 124 | 2,287 ± 266 | - | 2,301 ± 194 | 2,228 ± 344 | - | - | −1.7 ± 8.3 | −1.8 ± 17.7 | - |
| hMax | 19:36 ± 3 h 04 min | 19:01 ± 3 h 07 min | - | 18:55 ± 3 h 56 min | 17:39 ± 2 h 13 min | - | ° | −41 min ± 2 h 19 min | −1 h 22 min ± 2 h 15 min | - | ||
| Mean | 2,147 ± 403 | 2,192 ± 510 | - | 2,260 ± 432 | 1,882 ± 473 | - | * | +7.7 ± 15.9 | −10.2 ± 9.6 | ° | ||
| DAY | Min | 1,075 ± 135 | 1,183 ± 162 | - | 1,162 ± 198 | 758 ± 233 | - | * | +8.2 ± 14.5 | −35.6 ± 18.4 | ** | |
| hMin | 07:59 ± 2 h 09 min | 06:58 ± 4 h 32 min | - | 05:50 ± 3 h 34 | 04:05 ± 1 h 08 min | - | - | −2 h 19 min ± 5 h 25 min | −2 h 53 min ± 4 h 42 min | - | ||
| Mean | 1226 ± 406 | 1296 ± 425 | - | 1328 ± 598 | 1001 ± 382 | - | * | +9.6 ± 14.9 | −9.4 ± 8.8 | * | ||
| EE (kcal.h−1) | NIGHT | Max | 1.18 ± 0.09 | 1.04 ± 0.17 | - | 1.06 ± 0.22 | 0.85 ± 0.12 | - | * | −9.2 ± 32.6 | −17.9 ± 7.8 | - |
| hMax | 19:59 ± 3 h 01 min | 20:27 ± 3 h 54 | ° | 17:58 ± 1 h 38 min | 18:08 ± 4 h | - | - | −2 h 02 min ± 1 h 58 min | −2 h 20 min ± 3 h 39 min | - | ||
| Mean | 1.06 ± 0.15 | 0.92 ± 0.16 | ° | 0.93 ± 0.11 | 0.71 ± 0.06 | ° | * | −11.7 ± 10.8 | −21.2 ± 11.6 | - | ||
| DAY | Min | 0.50 ± 0.05 | 0.49 ± 0.07 | - | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.28 ± 0.09 | - | * | −9.5 ± 16.1 | −41.8 ± 18.4 | * | |
| hMin | 08:53 ± 28 min | 08:15 ± 4 h 45 min | - | 07:07 ± 4 h 03 min | 04:07 ± 1 h | ° | - | −1 h 45 min ± 4 h 11 min | −4 h 08 min ± 4 h 55 min | - | ||
| Mean | 0.53 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.07 | - | 0.49 ± 0.09 | 0.41 ± 0.05 | - | * | −6.7 ± 11.7 | −20.1 ± 8.5 | ° | ||
The variation of parameters is calculated as the difference between restricted and control values. Non parametric tests were performed with or without pairing (Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney, respectively). ° <0.1, * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001.