Table 2.

Major immune cell types with altered function in individuals with diabetes.

Cell Type	Alteration	References
Natural Killer Cells	Reduced activity in T2D	[26,39,40]
Macrophages	Differential subtypes in obesity	[[41], [42], [43]]
Neutrophils	Both an increase and a decrease in numbers are reported in T1D	[45]-increase [27,46,47]-decrease
T cells
•Th17 •CD8+ •CD39+ •FOX${{\text{P}}_3}^{+}$	Abnormal differentiation of T cells in T2D Increased Th17 subpopulation, higher percentage of CD8+, and lower percentage CD39+ T cells in T2D Decreased FOX${{\text{P}}_3}^{+}$ Treg cell pool in T1D	[[52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57]]-T2D [58,59]-T1D