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. 2020 Jun 8;8(6):e18531. doi: 10.2196/18531

Table 2.

The intervention effect on the secondary outcomes at 3 and 6 months.

Outcome Sample, mean (SD) Group × time interactiona

Control Intervention Group × time 95% CIb P valueb
Active transportationc





3 monthsd 58.0 (30.5) 58.6 (29.7) 0.96 –6.91 to 8.80 .81

6 monthse 58.3 (29.0) 60.5 (32.4) 2.02 –6.39 to 10.4 .64
Attitude toward walkingf





3 monthsg 3.9 (0.6) 4.0 (0.6) 0.02 –0.11 to 0.14 .80

6 monthsh 4.0 (0.6) 4.0 (0.6) –0.12 –0.25 to 0.01 .06
Attitude toward cyclingf





3 monthsi 3.6 (0.9) 3.5 (1.0) –0.1 –0.25 to 0.06 .22

6 monthsj 3.7 (0.9) 3.5 (0.9) –0.1 –0.26 to 0.05 .20
General healthk





3 monthsl 76.9 (18.5) 76.5 (16.7) 1.52 –1.69 to 4.74 .35

6 monthsm 75.3 (18.5) 77.2 (17.1) 3.17 –0.11 to 6.44 .06

aFixed effect coefficient estimate from linear mixed model (random intercept).

bGiven by 2-sided Wald test.

cMeasured by TravelVu (smartphone app).

dControl (n=102); intervention (n=106).

eControl (n=93); intervention (n=80).

fMeasured by means of Transport and Physical Activity Questionnaire.

gControl (n=110); intervention (n=102).

hControl (n=107); intervention (n=95).

iControl (n=110); intervention (n=102).

jControl (n=107); intervention (n=95).

kMeasured by RAND-36.

lControl (n=110); intervention (n=102).

mControl (n=107); intervention (n=95).