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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Lett. 2020 Mar 4;481:63–75. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.039

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Exosomes contribute to ASPH mediated aggressive malignant phenotypes in PC, which are significantly attenuated in vitro by N-SMase inhibitor GW4869.

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

(A) ECM degradation/remodeling in response to GW4869.

(B) GW4869 blocks ECM degradation/remodeling of parental PC cells, which could be completely rescued by addition of exosomes secreted by MIA Paca2 cells stably expressing ASPH (vector to a much less extent).

(C) 3D tumor spheroid invasion in response to GW4869.

(D) 3-D pancreatosphere formation in response to GW4869.

(E) Transendothelial migration and intravasation/extravasation.

(F) Invasion through basement membrane and subsequent pancreatosphere formation in response to GW4869.

(G) Synthesis/release of exosomes in response to GW4869.