Exosomes function as outlets of MMPs production; MMPs act as executors for exosomes attributed to ASPH-induced cellular behaviors, which are undermined in vitro by pan-MMPs inhibitor GM6001.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
(A) ECM degradation/remodeling in response to GM6001.
(B) 3D tumor spheroid invasion in response to GM6001.
(C) 3D pancreatosphere formation in response to GM6001.
(D) Transendothelial migration and extravasation.
(E) Invasion through basement membrane and subsequent pancreatosphere formation in response to GM6001.