Figure 4.

Physiological characterization of strains with native (IMX1771) and watermarked (IMX1770) glycolytic genes during aerobic batch cultures in bioreactors. (A) Left panel, biomass concentration (gram dry biomass per liter), central panel, glucose concentration (mM); right panel, ethanol concentration (mM). Three independent culture replicates are represented for each strain. Shades of blue with square symbols, IMX1770, shades of red with round symbols, IMX1771. (B) Specific enzyme activities of the 12 reactions encoded by the 13 glycolytic enzymes (Pfk1 and Pfk2 form an enzyme complex) of the strains with native (IMX1771, red bars) and watermarked glycolysis (IMX1770, blue bars). Samples were taken in midexponential phase. Bars represent the average and standard deviation of measurements from three independent batch cultures for each strain. Stars indicate enzyme activities that are significantly different between the two strains (Student t test, p-value threshold 0.05, two-tailed test, homoscedastic).