We excluded participants who were under the age of 20, did not report a prior stroke or myocardial infarction, had missing smoking data, were pregnant, and had never been regular cigarette smokers. Some participants had multiple reasons for exclusion. The primary analysis sample consisted of adult stroke and myocardial infarction survivors with any history of cigarette smoking. Abbreviations: MI, myocardial infarction; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.