Table 3. Representation of essential oils and their constituents that inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

Cytokine	Main Sources	Function	Essential Oil Cytokine Inhibition
IL-1β	Macrophages, monocytes	Pro-inflammation, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation	Cheistocalyx operculatus, tea tree oil, terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, santoline, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, Cinnamomum osmophloeum, thyme, cinnamaldehyde, α-humelene, thymol, Cryptomeria japonica, sabinene, citral, kaurene, elemol,γ-eudesmol, eugenol, α-Thujone, β-thujone, camphor, caryophyllene, Artemisia fukudo, Cymbopogon citratus, lemongrass, Syzygium aromaticum, β- elemene, Pterodon emarginatus, germacrene, trans- caryophyllene, p-cymene, oregano, carvacrol
IL-6	Macrophages, T-cells, adipocyte	Pro-inflammation, differentiation, cytokine production	Taxandria fragrans, 1,8-cineole, thyme, α-pinene, linalool, santoline, camphor, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, Rosmarinus officinalis, p-cymene, Cryptomeria japonica, sabinene, Citral, kaurene, elemol,γ-eudesmol, eugenol, α-Thujone, β-thujone, caryophyllene, Artemisia fukudo, Cymbopogon citratus, Syzygium aromaticum, thymol, p-cymene, oregano, carvacrol
IL-8	Macrophages, epithelial cells, endothelial cells	Pro-inflammation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis	Tea tree oil, terpinen-4-ol
TNF-α	Macrophages, NK cells, CD4+ lymphocytes, adipocyte	Pro-inflammation, cytokine production, apoptosis, anti-infection, cell proliferation	Cheistocalyx operculatus, tea tree oil, terpinen-4-ol, Taxandria fragrans, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, linalool, Citral, Cinnamomum osmophloeum, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, Cordia verbenacea, α-humelene, (-)-trans-caryophyllene, Cryptomeria japonica, sabinene, kaurene, elemol,γ-eudesmol, α-Thujone, β-thujone, camphor, caryophyllene, Artemisia fukudo, Cinnamomum insularimontanum, myristicin, nutmeg oil, germacrene, Pterodon emarginatus, β- elemene, trans- caryophyllene

Table adapted from Linlin Chen: Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs [117].