Table 2.

Sensitivity, NPV with CI and Kappa statistic of the different diagnostic tests used at baseline. Serum-based real-time PCR and/or Kato-Katz results were used as “gold standard”

Test method	Sensitivity (95% CI)	NPV (95% CI)	Kappa (P)
Microscopy (Kato-Katz)	44.4% (25.5–64.7)	34.8% (16.4–57.3)	0.268 (P = 0.02)
POC-CCA	77.8% (57.7–91.4)	53.9% (25.1–80.8)	0.535 (P < 0.001)
Serum-based real-time PCR	96.3% (81.0–99.9)	88.9% (51.8–99.7)	0.922 (P < 0.001)
Urine-based real-time PCR	33.3% (16.5–54.0)	28% (12.2–49.4)	0.119 (P = 0.25)

PCR Polymerase chain reaction; POC-CCA Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen; NPV Negative predicted value; CI Confidence intervals