Table 2.
AAC score, mGFR and some markers of arteriosclerosis at baseline and after 12 months of exercise training
| Balance Group | Strength Group | Whole Group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 months | P | Baseline | 12 months | P | Baseline | 12 months | P | |
| AAC, score | 8.5(0–13) | 9.5(1–14) | < 0.001 | 5(1–12) | 6(2–13) | 0.002 | 5(0–12.5) | 7(2–14) | < 0.001 |
| mGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 22.3 ± 6.9 | 21.1 ± 7.8 | 0.003 | 23.0 ± 9.1 | 22.0 ± 9.7 | 0.01 | 22.6 ± 8.0 | 21.6 ± 8.8 | < 0.001 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | 129 ± 17/75 ± 10 | 132 ± 17/75 ± 10 | 0.1 | 129 ± 15/74 ± 9 | 129 ± 13/74 ± 8 | 0.8 | 129 ± 16/ 75 ± 10 | 130 ± 15/ 75 ± 9 | 0.4 |
| Lipids and lipoproteins | |||||||||
| P-Triglycerides, mmol/mL | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 0.2 |
| P-Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 0.05 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 0.6 | 4.8 ± 1.2 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 0.5 |
| P-HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.2 |
| P-LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 0.5 | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.9 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 1.9 | 0.7 |
| Lipoprotein (a), nmol/L | 99(41–209) | 45(22–147) | < 0.001 | 90(29–315) | 59(13–242) | 0.04 | 96(31–238) | 47(19–188) | < 0.001 |
| Pro-calcific markers | |||||||||
| P-FGF23, ng/mL | 1.8(0.6–9.5) | 2.8(0.6–12.3) | 0.4 | 1.8(0.4–6.8) | 3.2(1.3–13.0) | 0.4 | 1.8(0.5–9.2) | 3.1(0.7–14.1) | 0.2 |
| P-Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.06 |
| P-Calcium, mmol/L | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 0.7 |
| P-PTH, pmol/L | 11(9.3–17) | 14(8.7–20) | 0.2 | 10(7.4–16) | 11(7.7–21) | 0.03 | 11(8.1–17) | 13(7.9–20) | 0.01 |
| Anti-calcific markers | |||||||||
| P-1,25(OH)2D3, nmol/L | 67 ± 31 | 73 ± 31 | 0.2 | 62 ± 23 | 67 ± 27 | 0.04 | 64 ± 27 | 70 ± 29 | 0.04 |
| P-Fetuin-A, g/L | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.02 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||||||||
| P-IL6, pg/mL | 1.7(1–2.8) | 2.1(1–3.1) | 0.2 | 2.3(1.6–4) | 2.2(1.5–3.7) | 0.6 | 2.0(1.2–3.3) | 2.1(1.3–3.3) | 0.2 |
| P-CRP (mg/L) | 2.9(1.3–5.9) | 3(1.2–5) | 0.9 | 3.5(1.5–5.9) | 3(1.5–6) | 0.8 | 3.1(1.4–6.2) | 3(1.4–6) | 0.8 |
| P-Albumin (g/L) | 37.7 ± 2.8 | 36.8 ± 5.3 | 0.3 | 36.8 ± 3.6 | 36.0 ± 3.3 | 0.1 | 37.3 ± 3.2 | 36.4 ± 4.5 | 0.05 |
Data presented as mean ± SD or median(25th–75th percentile)
AAC Abdominal aortic calcification, mGFR Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate, P Plasma, FGF23 Fibroblast growth factor 23, PTH Parathyroid hormone, IL6 Interleukin 6, CRP C-reactive protein, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 95%CI 95% confidence interval