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. 2020 Jun 22;20:71. doi: 10.1186/s12862-020-01635-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Effects of isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-environment (IBE) and isolation-by-resistance (IBR) on genetic differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. a Coefficients (± SD) of the top-ranked nested maximum-likelihood population effects models (NMLPE) testing the effect of IBD, IBE and IBR on genetic differentiation in A. thaliana. b Model averaged coefficients (± SD) for three Principal Component (PC) axes accounting for more than 75% of the total variance. Model averaging was conducted using the subsample of models exhibiting ∆AIC < 2 regarding the top-ranked model, if more than one. In all cases, model estimates for the analysis conducted for the entire Iberian Peninsula (IP) and the four genetic clusters (NW-C1, NE-C2, relict-C3, and SW-C4) are shown. Maps with the geographic distribution of populations used in each analysis are also given. Maps were obtained from the National Center for Geographic Information (CNIG) of Spain