Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants by monocyte level quartiles
| Characteristic | Monocytes (× 109/L) | P for trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| (≤ 0.29) | (> 0.29, ≤ 0.36) | (> 0.36, ≤ 0.44) | (> 0.44) | ||
| N | 818 | 833 | 772 | 800 | – |
| Age, years | 66.36 ± 8.08 | 67.14 ± 8.02 | 67.60 ± 8.59 | 67.29 ± 8.85 | 0.014 |
| Men, % | 28.1 | 38.5 | 54.0 | 65.5 | < 0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 8 (3, 15) | 9 (3, 15) | 10 (4, 16) | 10 (4, 15) | 0.105 |
| Current smoking, % | 8.6 | 11.7 | 18.6 | 31.0 | < 0.001 |
| Beyond high school education, % | 49.3 | 53.2 | 54.4 | 52.5 | 0.172 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.43 ± 3.78 | 24.75 ± 3.47 | 25.24 ± 3.47 | 25.44 ± 3.59 | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 7.46 ± 2.33 | 7.76 ± 2.39 | 8.02 ± 2.56 | 8.02 ± 2.44 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.16 ± 1.25 | 7.41 ± 1.33 | 7.65 ± 1.44 | 7.70 ± 1.39 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.27 ± 1.26 | 5.11 ± 1.16 | 5.13 ± 1.15 | 4.99 ± 1.18 | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.39 (1.00, 1.94) | 1.46 (1.06, 2.18) | 1.66 (1.17, 2.40) | 1.65 (1.21, 2.32) | < 0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.30 ± 0.32 | 1.23 ± 0.29 | 1.18 ± 0.28 | 1.12 ± 0.27 | < 0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 3.24 ± 0.88 | 3.16 ± 0.85 | 3.19 ± 0.81 | 3.10 ± 0.82 | 0.002 |
| ACR, mg/g | 11 (7, 22) | 12 (7, 28) | 13 (7, 32) | 15 (8, 32) | 0.026 |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 93.20 ± 15.96 | 93.25 ± 15.10 | 90.73 ± 16.96 | 89.64 ± 19.08 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 144.01 ± 20.60 | 145.00 ± 19.38 | 145.39 ± 19.64 | 144.86 ± 19.14 | 0.352 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 77.24 ± 10.05 | 78.01 ± 10.79 | 79.55 ± 11.16 | 79.81 ± 11.28 | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 54.6 | 63.3 | 65.9 | 67.9 | < 0.001 |
| CVD, % | 34.6 | 35.9 | 38.5 | 38.6 | 0.056 |
| DKD, % | 20.4 | 25.9 | 28.7 | 30.6 | < 0.001 |
| DR, % | 16.9 | 16.7 | 16.8 | 13.4 | 0.072 |
| Insulin therapy, % | 13.2 | 15.8 | 20.3 | 21.5 | < 0.001 |
The data are summarized as the mean ± SD for continuous variables with a normal distribution, the median (interquartile ranges) for continuous variables with a skewed distribution, or a numerical proportion for categorical variables
P for trend was calculated by regression tests
BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, CVD cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, DKD diabetic kidney disease, DR diabetic retinopathy, ACR albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular infiltration rate