Table 3.

Socio-demographic characteristics and differences in scores of PDD scale and MHKQ by socio-demographic variables

Variables	Devaluation		Discrimination		MHK
	Mean ± sd	t/F, P	Mean ± sd	t/F, P	Mean ± sd	t/F, P
Sex
female	13.9 ± 3.1	0.08, 0.94	22.5 ± 4.3	0.55, 0.58	11.6 ± 1.9	−1.61, 0.11
male	13.9 ± 3.3		22.4 ± 4.5		11.7 ± 2.2
Resident area
urban	13.8 ± 3.1	1.99, 0.05	22.5 ± 4.3	045, 0.66	11.8 ± 2.0	5.46, < 0.001
rural	14.3 ± 3.5		22.4 ± 4.5		11.2 ± 1.9
Age
18–39	13.6 ± 3.0	7.58, 0.006	22.5 ± 4.4	2.67, 0.10	12.1 ± 2.1	26.49, < 0.001
40–54	14.0 ± 3.4		22.6 ± 4.1		11.6 ± 2.1
55+	14.4 ± 3.3		22.1 ± 4.8		11.2 ± 1.8
Education, year
0–6	15.0 ± 3.6	21.39, < 0.001	23.0 ± 4.6	0.75,0.39	10.7 ± 1.5	130.38, < 0.001
7–9	13.8 ± 3.1		22.1 ± 4.2		11.4 ± 1.8
9–12	13.6 ± 3.3		21.9 ± 4.5		11.9 ± 2.1
13+	13.7 ± 3.0		23.0 ± 4.2		12.4 ± 2.2
Per capita family income
above median	14.0 ± 3.2	2.22, 0.03	22.6 ± 4.3	0.67, 0.50	12.0 ± 2.2	4.61, < 0.001
below median	14.4 ± 3.3		22.7 ± 4.3		11.5 ± 1.9
Employment status
housewife	13.1 ± 3.2	14.18, < 0.001	21.2 ± 4.3	0.01, 0.94	12.1 ± 2.1	47.49, < 0.001
having a job	13.9 ± 3.2		22.8 ± 4.4		11.9 ± 2.1
retired	14.2 ± 3.1		22.4 ± 4.2		11.4 ± 1.9
jobless or lost job	14.1 ± 3.2		22.1 ± 4.4		11.6 ± 1.7
farmer	14.5 ± 3.7		22.2 ± 4.5		10.6 ± 1.7
Marital status
never married	13.8 ± 3.0	8.03, 0.24	22.3 ± 4.1	0.67, 0.41	12.1 ± 2.2	18.67, < 0.001
married	13.9 ± 3.3		22.5 ± 4.5		11.7 ± 2.0
divorced/lost spouse	14.4 ± 3.3		22.8 ± 4.0		11.1 ± 2.1
GHQ score
≥ 4	14.2 ± 3.4	0.82, 0.411	21.9 ± 4.3	1.25, 0.210	12.9 ± 2.5	1.16, 0.248
<4	13.9 ± 3.2		22.5 ± 4.4		13.2 ± 2.6

Bold values significance level was set at 0.05; two-tailed test