Table 2.
Histological Features of DDM and DDM/rhBMP-2
| Study | Histological findings of DDM | Histological findings of DDM/rhBMP-2 | Don/Rec | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vivo study | Soft tissue | 1 week | Neutrophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes17 | Osteoblast differentiation17 | H/R |
| Fibrous envelope28 | Resorption, enlarge dentinal tubule28 | Rab/M | |||
| 2 weeks | Hard tissue containing cells, lined by fibroblast-like cells. Slight resorption to newly formed hard tissue and dentin surface16 | R/R | |||
| Dense connective tissue17 | Giant cells on surface of DDM. Induced woven bone17 | H/R | |||
| Enlarged dentinal tubule28 | Dentin resorption, NB formation28 | Rab/M | |||
| 3 weeks | No NB formation14 | Rapidly resorbed DDM. Replacement by NB at rates proportional to the quantity of exogenous rhBMP-214 | H/M | ||
| No NB formation17 | Cartilage and active bone with trabecular and cement line17 | H/WR | |||
| 4 weeks | No NB formation16 | Bone formation and resorption16 | R/R | ||
| Bone formation on DDM surface17 | Matured bone with hematopoietic bone marrow17 | H/R | |||
| Calvarium | 2 weeks | Osteoconductive bone formation27 | Osteoinductive bone formation and remodeling27 | H/Rab | |
| 4 weeks | Direct bone formation28 | Bone formation, osteoclastic resorption, and dentin remodeling28 | Rab/Rab | ||
| Clinical study | Gum tissue | 3 months | No resorption but fibrous tissue29 | Autogenous | |
| 6 months | Resorption and cell infiltration29 | Autogenous | |||
| Bone tissue | 3 months | Bone formation31 | Bone bridge, resorption, and remodeling31 | Autogenous | |
| 4 months | Bone formation30 | Bone formation, resorption, and remodeling30 | Autogenous | ||
Don, donor; H, human; R, rat; Rab, rabbit; Rec, recipient; M, mouse; NB, new bone.