. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 23.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Bull. 2017 Jun 15;143(9):939–991. doi: 10.1037/bul0000110

Table 5.

Categorical moderator analyses testing mean age (child vs. adolescent), measurement quality (adequate vs. high), and informant (single vs. multiple) as moderators of coping and emotion regulation with internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Moderator: Age
	Internalizing Symptoms				Externalizing Symptoms
Level I: Domains	Q_b	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	R	95% CI
Adaptive Coping	.01	13			.34	7
Child		3	−.05	[−.39, .31]		2	.02	[−.43, .47]
Adolescent		10	−.03	[−.15, .10]		5	−.12	[−.23, −.01]
Emotion Regulation	2.53	15			1.26	18
Child		8	−.30	[−.44, −.15]		11	−.32	[−.42, −.21]
Adolescent		7	−.13	[−.27, .01]		7	−.20	[−.38, −.01]
Level II: Factors	Q_b	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Problem-Focused	.23	18			--
Child		3	−.06	[−.11, .00]
Adolescent		15	−.08	[−.17, .01]
Engagement/Approach	7.60*	48			.29	25
Child		9	−.08	[−.22, .07]		4	−.01	[−.12, .10]
Adolescent		38	−.07	[−.14, −.00]		21	−.04	[−.09, .01]
Secondary Control	.02	23			--
Child		3	−.24	[−.49, .06]
Adolescent		20	−.26	[−.33, −.18]
Social Support Coping	1.29	42			1.56	21
Child		9	−.03	[−.13, .07]		5	−.05	[−.15, .04]
Adolescent		33	.03	[−.01, .07]		16	.02	[−.05, .10]
Level III: Strategies	Qb	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Problem-Solving	4.03	45			--
Child		6	−.07	[−.18, .04]
Adolescent		36	.00	[−.05, .04]
Emotional Suppression	11.16**	10			.46	6
Child		3	.01	[−.18, .20]		3	.00	[−.09, .09]
Adolescent		6	.16	[.03, .28]		3	.04	[−.03, .11]
Cognitive Reappraisal	8.53*	31			--
Child		3	.02	[−.07, .12]
Adolescent		27	−.06	[−.12, .01]
Distraction	2.78	25			--
Child		3	.00	[−.13, .12]
Adolescent		20	−.01	[−.03, .01]
Avoidance	2.40	65			.05	32
Child		10				8	.08	[−.03, .19]
Adolescent		55				24	.10	[.05, .14]
Moderator: Measure Quality
	Internalizing Symptoms				Externalizing Symptoms
Level I: Domains	Q_b	K	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Adaptive Coping	--				.26	7
Adequate Quality						5	−.16	[−.19, −.14]
High Quality						2	−.17	[−.26, −.08]
Emotion Regulation	1.79	15			2.71	18
Adequate Quality		8	−.05	[−.25, −.04]		7	−.19	[−.33, −.03]
High Quality		7	−.34	[−.50, −.09]		11	−.34	[−.43, −.24]
Level II: Factors	Q_b	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Engagement/Approach	1.51	48			.00	25
Adequate Quality		27	−.11	[−.18, −.04]		15	−.04	[−.10, .02]
High Quality		21	−.03	[−.14, .08]		10	−.04	[−.13, .05]
Disengagement	0.27	29			--
Adequate Quality		8	.21	[.07, .34]
High Quality		21	.17	[.11, .24]
Social Support Coping	0.26	42			1.56	21
Adequate Quality		31	.01	[−.03, .05]		16	.02	[−.05, .10]
High Quality		11	.04	[−.05, .12]		5	−.05	[−.15, .04]
Level III: Strategies	Q_b	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Problem-Solving	2.80	45			2.29	16
Adequate Quality		41	−.04	[−.08, .01]		12	−.05	[−.12, .02]
High Quality		4	.04	[−.04, .11]		4	.07	[−.07, .21]
Emotional Suppression	1.82	10			--
Adequate Quality		5	.07	[−.07, .21]
High Quality		5	.19	[.08, .30]
Cognitive Reappraisal	0.15	31			1.76	10
Adequate Quality		23	−.04	[−.09, .01]		6	−.06	[−.13, .02]
High Quality		8	−.07	[−.22, .08]		4	.02	[−.06, .09]
Distraction	3.28	25			.07	11
Adequate Quality		15	−.08	[−.15, −.01]		3	.08	[−.17, .32]
High Quality		10	.04	[−.07, .14]		8	.04	[−.02, .11]
Avoidance	.06	65			.86	32
Adequate Quality		45	.17	[.13, .21]		18	.11	[.05, .16]
High Quality		20	.16	[.11, .22]		14	.07	[.02, .13]
Moderator: Informant
	Internalizing Symptoms				Externalizing Symptoms
Level I: Domains	Q_b	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Emotion Regulation	.35	15			.41	50	−.24	−.29, −.19
Single Informant		5	−.30	[−.61, .08]		25	−.28	−.41, −.15
Multi-Informant		6	−.19	[−.51, −.06]		25	−.24	−.29, −.18
Level II: Factors	Q_b	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Problem-Focused	.20	18			--
Single Informant		15	−.07	[−.15, .01]
Multi-Informant		3	−.11	[−.26, .05]
Engagement/Approach	3.23	48			.02	39	−.04	−.08, .00
Single Informant		38	−.06	[−.13, .00]		33	−.04	−.08, .00
Multi-Informant		7	−.18	[−.30, −.05]		6	−.04	−.12, .05
Disengagement	.81	29			--
Single Informant		19	.20	[.12, .28]
Multi-Informant		3	.15	[.05, .24]
Social Support Coping	1.89	42			5.26*	38	.02	−.02, .07
Single Informant		34	.02	[−.02, .06]		25	.07	.01, .12
Multi-Informant		6	−.05	[−.15, .05]		13	−.04	−.11, .03
Level III: Strategies	Q_b	k	r	95% CI	Q_b	k	r	95% CI
Problem-Solving	1.33	45			5.18	16
Single Informant		40	−.03	[−.07, .02]		12	−.06	[−.12, −.01]
Multi-Informant		3	−.10	[−.27, .08]		3	.12	[−.11, .34]
Cognitive Reappraisal	1.33	31			1.83
Single Informant		25	−.04	[−.10, .02]		7	−.05	[−.11, −.02]
Multi-Informant		3				3	.03	[−.06, .12]
Distraction	--				.36	11
Single Informant						7	.09	[.05, .17]
Multi-Informant						4	.02	[−.09, .14]
Avoidance	3.20	65			.41	32
Single Informant		49	.17	[.13, .21]		18	.10	[.04, .15]
Multi-Informant		10	.13	[.09, .18]		11	.07	[−.01, .16]

Note. Total coping, maladaptive coping, emotion dysregulation, emotion-focused coping, disengagement coping, emotional expression, and denial did not have enough studies in both categories (child and adolescent) to test age as a moderator of the overall effect. Total coping, maladaptive coping, emotion dysregulation, emotion-focused coping, primary control coping, secondary control coping, emotional expression, acceptance, and denial did not have enough studies in both categories (adequate and high quality) to test measure quality as a moderator of the overall effect. Total coping, adaptive coping, maladaptive coping, emotion-focused coping, primary control coping, secondary control coping, emotion expression, emotion suppression, acceptance, and denial did not have enough studies in both categories (single and multi-informant) to test informant as a moderator of the overall effect.