Fig. 1.

The KEAP1/NRF2 pathway was activated in lung cancer cell lines with loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1. a The mutations of KEAP1 in A549, H460, and H838 cells were detected by Sanger sequencing. The red rectangle indicates the mutation sites of KEAP1. b Compared with lung cancer cells with neither KEAP1 nor NRF2 mutation, the expression levels of NRF2 target genes were significantly increased in lung cancer cells with KEAP1 mutation. c The protein expression levels of NRF2 and its target protein HO-1 were increased in lung cancer cells with KEAP1 mutation compared with those in lung cancer cells with neither KEAP1 nor NRF2 mutation. dKEAP1 mutation suppressed ROS production in lung cancer cells. The fluorescence intensity in cells was detected by flow cytometry. Quantitative analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test. The results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001