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. 2020 Jun 23;18:98. doi: 10.1186/s12964-020-00568-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — The somatic mutation R320Q in KEAP1 accelerates tumor growth in vivo. a Tumor volumesof nude mice subcutaneously injected with A549 cells stably transfected with the KEAP1 mutant (R320Q) were significantly larger than those injected with A549 cells transfected with wild-type (WT) KEAP1. Twelve 4–6-week-old male BALB/c nude mice were separated into two groups and injected with A549 cells transfected with WT KEAP1 or mutant KEAP1 (R320Q). Solid tumors were peeled from mouse subcutaneous tissues 7 weeks after injection. b Tumor growth was significantly faster in nude mice subcutaneously injected with A549 cells stably transfected with mutant KEAP1 (R320Q) than those with A549 cell transfected with WT KEAP1. c The expression of NRF2 and its target genes in xenograft tumors from A549 cells stably transfected with mutant KEAP1 (R320Q) were higher than that from A549 cells transfected with WT KEAP1. Total RNA of xenograft tumors was extracted, and the indicated mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR. d The nuclear protein levels of NRF2 and its downstream target protein HO-1 were increased in KEAP1-mutant (R320Q) xenograft tumors. Mean ± SEM are reported (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001)