Table 2.

Summary of Each Implementation Project

Project	Problem	Innovation	Facilitation	Recipients	Context
1 BHIP	Limited delivery of anticipatory, patient-centred, and coordinated outpatient mental health care.	Collaborative Chronic Care Model (CCM) for interdisciplinary team-based care in general mental health clinic settings.	Internal-external model of facilitation adapted from Kirchner et al. (2014) and based on i-PARIHS	Interdisciplinary general mental health care team members (e.g. clerk, nurse, psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) at nine U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centres.	Outpatient mental health care setting
					Outer context
					In 2013, VA leadership launched a nationwide initiative to establish interdisciplinary teams in each VA medical centre throughout the United States. In 2015, the VA adopted the CCM and partnered with the study team to develop CCM implementation support.
					Inner context
					The inner context varied by medical centre.
2 CHERISH	High prevalence of geriatric complications (e.g. delirium, functional decline) in older inpatients	A multicomponent intervention to reduce complications and improve outcomes	Internal-external model of facilitation based on i-PARIHS	Interdisciplinary acute care team members (nurses, allied health professionals, medical staff)	Acute care setting
					Outer context
					New national standard on comprehensive care and delirium clinical care standard created an impetus for improving care of older patients.
					Inner context
					The inner context varied by hospital and ward.
3 SIMPLE	Suboptimal and inefficient management of malnutrition in hospitals	Systematised Interdisciplinary Malnutrition Program Implementation and Evaluation – for enabling a system and team approach to better management of malnutrition	Internal-external model of facilitation based on i-PARIHS	Multidisciplinary teams and dietetics departments in six publicly funded hospitals in Australia	Acute care setting
					Outer context
					State-wide roll-out of electronic medical
					records exposed gaps in systems of malnutrition care and unsustainable demand on dietetics services.
					Inner context
					The inner context varied by hospital, ward and dietetics department.
4 REACH	Inconsistent cleaning practices in hospitals despite detailed cleaning guidelines	An environmental cleaning bundle – a bundle of evidence-based practices to improve cleaning performance and reduce infections	External facilitation with local champions	Environmental services staff members employed in a role that included ward cleaning across 11 hospitals (public and private) in Australia.	Acute care setting
					Outer context
					National accreditation requirements and infection control guidelines required hospitals to have a comprehensive cleaning program.
					Inner context
					The inner context varied by ward.