Table 2.

Common interventions for post-kidney transplant hypertension.

Blood pressure managements	Interventions	Comments
Lifestyle modifications	Diet Exercise Stress reduction	Required for all patients
Pharmacological therapy	Antihypertensive medication •Diuretics - Loop - Thiazides •Calcium channel blockers •Beta-blockers •Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System blockade - Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors - ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers - Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists •Alpha1 antagonists •Alpha2 agonists	Choice of medications depending on: •Patients' characteristics, •Tolerability •Medication side effect profiles
Procedural or surgical interventions	Specific treatment modalities •Transplant renal artery angioplasty ± stenting •Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) •Bilateral native nephrectomy •Native renal denervation	Etiologies of resistant hypertension •Transplant renal artery stenosis •Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) •Failed native kidney •Sympathetic overactivity