Table 1.
Characteristics of aquatic habitats of An. funestus and other mosquito species
| Larval habitat | All water bodies n (%) |
Water bodies without larvae n (%) |
Habitats with An. funestus n (%) |
Habitats with other Anopheles n (%) |
Habitats with culicines n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water movement | |||||
| Stagnant | 91 (82) | 25 (89.3) | 27 (75) | 18 (75) | 21 (91.3) |
| Slow | 20 (18) | 3 (10.7) | 9 (25) | 6 (25) | 2 (8.7) |
| Habitat shade (density of tree canopy) | |||||
| None | 60 (54.1) | 11 (39.3) | 17 (47.2) | 18 (75) | 14 (60.9) |
| Partial | 35 (31.5) | 14 (50) | 11 (30.6) | 4 (16.7) | 6 (26.1) |
| Heavy | 16 (14.4) | 3 (10.7) | 8 (22.2) | 2 (8.3) | 3 (13) |
| Water depth | |||||
| Less than 50 cm | 51 (45.9) | 12 (42.9) | 12 (33.3) | 17 (70.8) | 10 (43.4) |
| Greater than 50 cm | 60 (54.1) | 16 (57.1) | 24 (66.7) | 7 (29.2) | 13 (56.6) |
| Distance to human dwellings | |||||
| Less than 100 m | 77 (69.4) | 26 (92.9) | 28 (77.8) | 9 (37.5) | 14 (60.9) |
| Greater than 100 m | 34 (3.6) | 2 (7.1) | 8 (22.2) | 15 (62.5) | 9 (39.1) |
| Water type | |||||
| Permanent | 44 (39.6) | 7 (25) | 21 (58.3) | 7 (29.2) | 9 (39.1) |
| Semi-permanent | 67 (60.4) | 21 (75) | 15 (41.7) | 17 (70.8) | 14 (60.9) |
| Vegetation type | |||||
| Emergent | 51 (46) | 6 (21.4) | 26 (72.2) | 7 (29.2) | 12 (52.2) |
| Submerged | 11 (9.9) | 7 (25) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (4.2) | 2 (8.7) |
| None | 25 (22.5) | 12 (42.9) | 3 (8.3) | 6 (25) | 4 (17.4) |
| Floating | 24 (21.6) | 3 (10.7) | 6 (16.7) | 10 (41.6) | 5 (21.7) |
| Water colour | |||||
| Clear | 59 (53.2) | 7 (25) | 29 (80.5) | 15 (62.5) | 8 (34.8) |
| Coloured | 42 (37.8) | 18 (64.3) | 6 (16.7) | 8 (33.3) | 10 (43.5) |
| Polluted | 10 (9) | 3 (10.7) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (4.2) | 5 (21.7) |
| Vegetation quantity | |||||
| None | 24 (21.6) | 11 (39.3) | 3 (8.3) | 6 (25) | 4 (17.4) |
| Scarce | 57 (51.4) | 15 (53.5) | 15 (41.7) | 12 (50) | 15 (65.2) |
| Moderate | 22 (19.8) | 1 (3.6) | 13 (36.1) | 5 (20.8) | 3 (13.1) |
| Abundant | 8 (7.2) | 1 (3.6) | 5 (13.9) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.2) |
| Algae quantity | |||||
| None | 70 (63.1) | 14 (50) | 21 (58.3) | 18 (75) | 17 (73.9) |
| Scarce | 32 (28.8) | 11 (39.3) | 13 (36.1) | 4 (16.7) | 4 (17.4) |
| Moderate | 9 (8.1) | 3 (10.7) | 2 (5.6) | 2 (8.3) | 2 (8.7) |
| Habitat size | |||||
| Less than 10 m | 61 (55) | 22 (78.6) | 13 (36.1) | 12 (50) | 14 (60.9) |
| Between 10 and 100 m | 46 (41.4) | 6 (21.4) | 21 (58.3) | 11 (45.8) | 8 (34.8) |
| Greater than 100 m | 4 (3.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.6) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.3) |