Table 4.
Description of child dietary intake variables (adjusted* daily mean values and 95 % confidence intervals) across racial/ethnic groups for participants of the Family Matters study, Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN, USA, 2015–2016
| Racial/ethnic group | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample (n 150) | Black (n 24) | White (n 25) | Hmong (n 25) | Latino (n 25) | Native American (n 25) | Somali (n 25) | Overall race P value† | ||||||||
| Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | ||
| HEI-2010 score | 57·1 | 55·7, 58·5 | 48·9 a | 45, 52·7 | 57·5 b,c | 53·0, 62·0 | 55·0 a,b | 51·1, 58·9 | 61·7 b,c | 57·9, 65·6 | 55·4 ab | 51·7, 59·1 | 64·2 c | 60, 68·3 | <0·001 |
| Fruit intake | 1·4 | 1·2, 1·6 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·6 | 2·0 | 1·4, 2·6 | 1·0 | 0·5, 1·5 | 1·8 | 1·3, 2·3 | 1·4 | 1·0, 1·9 | 1·0 | 0·5, 1·5 | 0·058 |
| Vegetable intake | 1·2 | 1·0, 1·3 | 1·1 a,b | 0·8, 1·5 | 1·1 a,b | 0·7, 1·5 | 1·1 a,b | 0·7, 1·4 | 1·4 b | 1·0, 1·7 | 1·6 b | 1·3, 2·0 | 0·6 a | 0·3, 1·0 | 0·011 |
| 100 % Juice intake | 0·8 | 0·6, 0·9 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·3 | 0·5 | 0·1, 0·9 | 0·9 | 0·6, 1·3 | 1·1 | 0·7, 1·4 | 0·4 | 0·1, 0·8 | 0·7 | 0·3, 1·0 | 0·075 |
| Dairy intake | 2·2 | 2·0, 2·4 | 2·0 | 1·6, 2·4 | 2·5 | 2·0, 3·0 | 1·7 | 1·3, 2·2 | 2·3 | 1·9, 2·8 | 2·2 | 1·8, 2·6 | 2·5 | 2·0, 2·9 | 0·145 |
| Whole grains intake | 1·3 | 1·1, 1·5 | 1·0 a,b,c | 0·6, 1·5 | 1·8 b,c | 1·3, 2·3 | 0·6 a | 0·2, 1·0 | 1·7 c | 1·3, 2·2 | 0·9 a,b | 0·5, 1·3 | 1·7 c | 1·3, 2·2 | <0·001 |
| SSB intake | 0·5 | 0·4, 0·6 | 0·7 a,b | 0·4, 1·0 | 0·6 a,b | 0·3, 0·9 | 0·3 a | 0·1, 0·6 | 0·5 a,b | 0·3, 0·8 | 0·9 b | 0·6, 1·1 | 0·2 a | –0·1, 0·5 | 0·009 |
| Refined grains intake | 4·6 | 4·3, 4·9 | 5·4 b,c | 4·6, 6·2 | 3·7 a,b | 2·8, 4·7 | 4·9 a,b,c | 4·1, 5·7 | 3·5 a | 2·7, 4·3 | 5·9 a | 5·2, 6·7 | 4·1 a,b | 3·2, 4·9 | <0·001 |
| Baked goods intake | 0·6 | 0·5, 0·7 | 0·6 | 0·3, 0·9 | 0·5 | 0·2, 0·9 | 0·4 | 0·1, 0·7 | 0·6 | 0·3, 0·9 | 0·5 | 0·3, 0·8 | 0·6 | 0·3, 0·9 | 0·940 |
| Chips & crackers intake | 0·5 | 0·4, 0·6 | 0·9 b | 0·6, 1·1 | 0·7 a,b | 0·4, 1·1 | 0·2 a | 0·0, 0·5 | 0·3 a,b | 0·1, 0·6 | 0·7 ab | 0·4, 0·9 | 0·2 a | –0·1, 0·5 | 0·005 |
| Candy intake | 0·1 | 0·1, 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·1, 0·3 | 0·2 | 0·1, 0·3 | 0·1 | 0·0, 0·2 | 0·2 | 0·1, 0·3 | 0·1 | 0·0, 0·2 | 0·0 | –0·1, 0·1 | 0·212 |
| Sodium (mg) | 2414 | 2288, 2541 | 3052 c | 2699, 3404 | 2450 b,c | 2039, 2861 | 2550 b,c | 2196, 2905 | 2012 a,b | 1663, 2361 | 2797 c | 2462, 3132 | 1627 a | 1251, 2003 | <0·001 |
| Daily energy intake (kJ) | 6615 | 6355, 6878 | 7389 b | 6678, 8100 | 6782 a,b | 5954, 7611 | 6519 a,b | 5803, 7234 | 6443 a,b | 5740, 7150 | 7381 b | 6703, 8054 | 5184 a | 4422, 5941 | 0·001 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal) | 1581 | 1519, 1644 | 1766 b | 1596, 1936 | 1621 a,b | 1423, 1819 | 1558 a,b | 1387, 1729 | 1540 a,b | 1372, 1709 | 1764 b | 1602, 1925 | 1239 a | 1057, 1420 | 0·001 |
HEI-2010, Healthy Eating Index-2010; SSB, sugar-sweetened beverages.
a,b,c
Mean values within a row with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (significance level was adjusted to 99 % confidence level to account for multiple testing).
*
Adjusted for parent work status, household income, child weight status, number of people in household and household structure (e.g. single parent).
†
Bold values indicate significance (P<0·05).