Table 2:

Quantitative studies comparing suicide risk for affiliated versus unaffiliated persons

Author/Date	Location	Sample	Suicidal ideation	Suicide attempt
(Dervic, Oquendo et al. 2004)	USA	N=371 depressed inpatients	Increased if unaffiliated	Increased if unaffiliated
(Tran Thi Thanh, Tran et al. 2006)	Vietnam	N=2,260 persons	NS (Not Significant)
(Zhang, Jia et al. 2006)	China	N= 74 suicide attempters, 92 accidentally injured emergency room patients		NS
(Huguelet, Mohr et al. 2007)	Switzerland	N=115 adults with schizophrenia N=30 non-psychotic inpatients with prior suicide attempt		NS
(Sisask, Varnik et al. 2010)	7 countries	N=2,819 suicide attempters, N=5,484 controls		Results varied by country§
(Kukoyi, Shuaib et al. 2010)	Jamaica	N=332 adolescents in school	NS	Increased if unaffiliated*
(Dervic, Carballo et al. 2011)	USA	N=200 inpatients with bipolar depression	NS	Increased if unaffiliated
(Young, Riordan et al. 2011)	Scotland	N=2,157 adolescents	NS	NS
(Kralovec, Fartacek et al. 2012)	Austria	N=358 lesbian, gay, or bisexual persons N=267 heterosexual matched controls	NS	Increased if unaffiliated
(Spencer, Ray et al. 2012)	USA	N=700 adults with advanced cancer	Increased if unaffiliated
(Le, Nguyen et al. 2012)	Vietnam	N=11,117 persons		NS
(Carli, Mandelli et al. 2014)	Europe	N=2,631 nonfatal suicide attempts		Unaffiliated had more serious attempts
(Martiny, de Oliveira et al. 2011)	Brazil	N=69 hemodialysis patients	Affiliation decreased risk (only in the absence of major depression)†
(Benute, Nomura et al. 2011)	Brazil	N=268 women with high-risk pregnancy	Increased if unaffiliated †
(Shim and Park 2012)	Korea	N=400 cancer patients	Increased if unaffiliated†
(Zhao, Yang et al. 2012)	China	N=1,177 undergraduates	Affiliation decreased suicide risk for those who believe in socialism. Affiliation increased suicide risk for those who do not believe in socialism.†
(Stratta, Capanna et al. 2012)	Italy	N=426 earthquake victims, N=522 controls	NS†

^*Result was not significant in the final model adjusting for all covariates.

^†Authors combined suicidal ideation and attempt

^§Affiliation protected against suicide attempts in Estonia, but was a risk factor in South Africa. Affiliation was not significant in Brazil and Vietnam. In India, Sri Lanka, and Islamic Republic of Iran all respondents reported a religious denomination.

Additionally Zhang, Conwell et al. (2004) compared 66 completed suicides (psychological autopsy) with 66 matched controls and found no significant association between affiliation and suicide.