Table 2. Multiple logistic regression analyses—independent variables with p ≤ 0.20 in simple logistic regression were included.
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|
| Vascular complicationsa | |
| Age (years) | |
| 18–39 | 1 |
| 40–59 | 6.54 (4.31, 9.92) |
| ≥60 | 15.98 (10.30, 24.81) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 1 |
| Female | 0.65 (0.54, 0.79) |
| Occupation | |
| Never worked/retired | 1 |
| Non-manual worker | 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) |
| Manual worker | 1.06 (0.83, 1.34) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 1 |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 1.48 (1.12, 1.96) |
| T2DM duration (years) | |
| ≤1 | 1 |
| >1–5 | 0.91 (0.60, 1.37) |
| >5–10 | 1.47 (0.96, 2.23) |
| >10 | 2.75 (1.81, 4.17) |
| Blood glucose level (HbA1c, %) | |
| <7% | 1 |
| ≥7% | 1.13 (0.89, 1.43) |
| Unknown | 0.61 (0.36, 1.02) |
| T2DM therapeutic regimen | |
| Lifestyle modificationi only | 1 |
| Lifestyle modificationi + OADii | 1.20 (0.89, 1.63) |
| Lifestyle modificationi + insuliniii | 1.34 (0.94, 1.91) |
| Lifestyle modificationi + OADii + insuliniii | 1.54 (1.15, 2.06) |
| Hypertension | |
| No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.50 (1.25, 1.81) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | |
| No | 1 |
| Yes | 0.91 (0.74, 1.13) |
| Unknown | 0.28 (0.11, 0.69) |
| Microvascular complicationsb | |
| Age (years) | |
| 18–39 | 1 |
| 40–59 | 3.50 (2.26, 5.42) |
| ≥60 | 5.04 (3.20, 7.96) |
| Education | |
| University/college | 1 |
| Class 7–12 | 1.46 (1.11, 1.92) |
| Class 1–6 | 1.63 (1.22, 2.17) |
| No qualification | 1.95 (1.41, 2.71) |
| Occupation | |
| Never worked/retired | 1 |
| Non-manual worker | 0.81 (0.64, 1.02) |
| Manual worker | 1.07 (0.87, 1.30) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 1 |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 1.41 (1.12, 1.77) |
| T2DM duration (years) | |
| ≤1 | 1 |
| >1–5 | 1.16 (0.76, 1.76) |
| >5–10 | 2.22 (1.46, 3.38) |
| >10 | 3.70 (2.45, 5.57) |
| Blood glucose level (HbA1c, %) | |
| <7% | 1 |
| ≥7% | 1.11 (0.90, 1.36) |
| Unknown | 0.67 (0.41, 1.08) |
| T2DM therapeutic regimen | |
| Lifestyle modificationi only | 1 |
| Lifestyle modificationi + OADii | 1.15 (0.87, 1.51) |
| Lifestyle modificationi + insuliniii | 1.42 (1.03, 1.95) |
| Lifestyle modificationi + OADii + insuliniii | 1.57 (1.21, 2.03) |
| Hypertension | |
| No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.28 (1.09, 1.52) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | |
| No | 1 |
| Yes | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) |
| Unknown | 0.09 (0.03, 0.32) |
| Macrovascular complicationsc | |
| Age (years) | |
| 18–39 | 1 |
| 40–59 | 8.47 (4.40, 16.29) |
| ≥60 | 24.14 (12.57, 46.34) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 1 |
| Female | 0.71 (0.60, 0.84) |
| Smoking (current status) | |
| No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.37 (1.11, 1.70) |
| T2DM duration (in years) | |
| ≤1 | 1 |
| >1–5 | 0.76 (0.50, 1.15) |
| >5–10 | 1.07 (0.71, 1.61) |
| >10 | 1.47 (0.99, 2.20) |
| Blood glucose level (HbA1c, %) | |
| <7% | 1 |
| ≥7% | 1.14 (0.94, 1.38) |
| Unknown | 0.71 (0.44, 1.15) |
| Hypertension | |
| No | 1 |
| Yes | 1.47 (1.24, 1.74) |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; OAD, oral antidiabetic drug; OR, odds ratio; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
aVariables included age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, residence, health insurance, alcohol drinking, T2DM duration, blood glucose level (HbA1c), T2DM therapeutic regimen, BMI, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia.
bVariables included age, education, occupation, marital status, health insurance, smoking, T2DM duration, blood glucose level (HbA1c), T2DM therapeutic regimen, BMI, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia.
cVariables included age, sex, education, occupation, residence, health insurance, smoking, alcohol drinking, T2DM duration, blood glucose level (HbA1c), T2DM therapeutic regimen, BMI, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia.
idiet and physical activity.
iimetformin, acarbose, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, and/or thiazolidinediones.
iiilong-term insulin, intermediate insulin, rapid-acting insulin, and/or premix insulin.