Table 2.
Pooled estimates for the association between BPA, DCP or BC exposure and prevalent OW, OB and abdominal OB defined by WC; random-effect models
| EDC | Outcome | Studies (n) | Pooled OR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | Significance tests of ES=1 | ||||
| Tau2 | χ2 | Df | I2 | P value | |||||
| BPA | |||||||||
| Prevalent OW (subgrouped by age) | |||||||||
| Overall | 5 | 1.321 (1.012 to 1.724) | 0.0382 | 7.36 | 4 | 45.7% | 0.118 | z=2.05 (p=0.041) | |
| Children | 3 | 1.666 (0.821 to 3.382) | 0.2774 | 7.32 | 2 | 72.7% | 0.026 | z=1.41 (p=0.157) | |
| Adults | 2 | 1.254 (1.005 to 1.564) | 0.0000 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.845 | z=2.01 (p=0.045) | |
| Prevalent OB (adults only) | |||||||||
| Overall | 4 | 1.503 (1.273 to 1.774) | 0.0000 | 0.87 | 3 | 0.0% | 0.833 | z=4.81 (p=0.000) | |
| Prevalent increased WC (subgrouped by age) | |||||||||
| Overall | 6 | 1.494 (1.298 to 1.720) | 0.0011 | 5.17 | 5 | 3.3% | 0.395 | z=5.59 (p=0.000) | |
| Children | 2 | 1.623 (0.968 to 2.723) | 0.0434 | 1.29 | 1 | 22.7% | 0.256 | z=1.83 (p=0.067) | |
| Adults | 4 | 1.503 (1.267 to 1.783) | 0.0068 | 3.84 | 3 | 21.8% | 0.280 | z=4.68 (p=0.000) | |
| 2,4-DCP | |||||||||
| Prevalent OB | |||||||||
| Overall | 3 | 1.299 (0.860 to 1.961) | 0.0966 | 8.04 | 2 | 75.1% | 0.018 | z=1.24 (p=0.213) | |
| Children | 2 | 1.558 (0.702 to 3.458) | 0.2828 | 6.63 | 1 | 84.9% | 0.010 | z=1.09 (p=0.276) | |
| Adults | 1 | 1.030 (0.780 to 1.360) | 0.0000 | 0.00 | 0 | – | – | z=0.21 (p=0.835) | |
| 2,5-DCP | |||||||||
| Prevalent OB | |||||||||
| Overall | 3 | 1.629 (1.283 to 2.066) | 0.0102 | 2.56 | 2 | 21.8% | 0.278 | z=4.01 (p=0.000) | |
| Children | 2 | 1.800 (1.018 to 3.184) | 0.1103 | 2.55 | 1 | 60.8% | 0.110 | z=2.02 (p=0.043) | |
| Adults | 1 | 1.620 (1.210 to 2.169) | 0.0000 | 0.00 | 0 | – | – | z=3.24 (p=0.001) | |
| BC | |||||||||
| Prevalent elevated WC (subgrouped by BC compound) | |||||||||
| Overall | 4 | 1.576 (0.846 to 2.938) | 0.0778 | 3.71 | 3 | 19.1% | 0.295 | z=1.43 (p=0.152) | |
| PBB-153 | 1 | 3.500 (1.073 to 11.415) | 0.0000 | 0.00 | 0 | – | – | z=2.08 (p=0.038) | |
| PBDE-153 | 1 | 2.200 (0.581 to 8.329) | 0.0000 | 0.00 | 0 | – | – | z=1.16 (p=0.246) | |
| PBDE-47 | 2 (Wm; M) | 1.041 (0.508 to 2.132) | 0.0000 | 0.44 | 1 | 0.0% | 0.508 | z=0.11 (p=0.912) | |
BC, brominated compound; BPA, bisphenol A; DCP, dichlorophenol; df, degree of freedom; EDC, endocrine-disrupting chemical; ES, estimate effect; M, men; OB, obesity; OW, overweight; PBB, polybrominated biphenyl; PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether; WC, waist circumference; Wm, women.