Table 1. Activation Energies (Ea) for Halide Migration in Tin(II) Halide Perovskites and Related Phasesa.
| material | Ea (kJ/mol) | Ea (eV) | technique | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASnBr3 (4.7 T) | 42.7 ± 0.5 | 0.44 | solid–state NMR | this work |
| MASnBr3 (9.4 T) | 31.9 ± 0.1 | 0.33 | ||
| MASnBr3 (17.6 T) | 34.1 ± 0.1 | 0.35 | ||
| MASnBr3 (average)b | 36 ± 6 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | ||
| MASnBr3 | 29.1 | 0.30 | ac conductivity | (111) |
| MASnBr3 | 30 | 0.31 | dc conductivity | (112) |
| α-SnI2 | 28 | 0.29 | ac conductivity | (115) |
| MASnI3 | 63 | 0.37 (VI)c | DFT | (118) |
| 0.65 (Ii)c | ||||
| MAPbI3 | 28 ± 6 | 0.29 ± 0.06 | transient ion-drift | (116) |
| MAPbI3 | 16 | 0.17 | 127I NQR | (57) |
a
The uncertainty is given as one standard deviation.
b
The uncertainty is calculated as the standard error of the average.
c
Defect formation energy at the valence band maximum: VI, iodide vacancy; Ii, iodide interstitial.