Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of patients by PT/OT-provided mobility
| Characteristics | Patients | PT/OT-provided mobility | No PT/OT-provided mobility | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 456 | N = 179 | N = 277 | ||
| Respiratory support,n(%) | 0.445 | |||
| No support | 67 (14.7) | 28 (15.6) | 39 (14.1) | |
| Nasal cannula or face mask | 30 (6.6) | 12 (6.7) | 18 (6.5) | |
| Heated high-flow nasal cannula | 50 (11.0) | 15 (8.4) | 35 (12.6) | |
| Trach collar | 18 (3.9) | 5 (2.8) | 13 (4.7) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 54 (11.8) | 19 (10.6) | 35 (12.6) | |
| Mechanical ventilation via ETT | 178 (39.0) | 71 (39.7) | 107 (38.6) | |
| Mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy | 59 (12.9) | 29 (16.2) | 30 (10.8) | |
| FiO2* | 30 (25–45) | 35 (25–45) | 30 (25–40) | 0.091 |
| Day of MV* | 11 (5–30) | 13 (6–37) | 10 (5–29) | 0.096 |
| GCS* | 14 (9–15) | 13 (9–15) | 14 (9–15) | 0.470 |
| Sedation score documenteda, yes (%) | 174 (73.4) | 79 (79.0) | 95 (69.3) | 0.097 |
| Sedatives/analgesics: ≥ 1 continuous infusion, n (%) | 232 (50.9) | 96 (53.6) | 136 (49.1) | 0.388 |
| Vasoactive infusions, at least one, n (%)b | 50 (11.0) | 19 (10.6) | 31 (11.2) | 0.879 |
| Delirium screening performed | 0.403 | |||
| No, not available | 394 (86.4) | 152 (84.9) | 242 (87.4) | |
| Yes, positive screening | 5 (1.1) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (1.4) | |
| Yes, negative screening | 57 (12.5) | 26 (14.5) | 31 (11.2) | |
| Restraint, at least one, n (%) | 61 (13.4) | 21 (11.7) | 40 (14.4) | 0.482 |
| Devices, n (%) | ||||
| Endotracheal tube | 180 (39.5) | 72 (40.0) | 108 (39.0) | 0.792 |
| Tracheal cannula | 81 (17.8) | 37 (20.7) | 44 (15.9) | 0.192 |
| Central venous catheter | 290 (63.6) | 118 (65.9) | 172 (62.1) | 0.427 |
| Arterial line | 178 (39.0) | 73 (40.8) | 105 (37.9) | 0.556 |
| Haemodialysis catheter, n (%) | 21 (4.6) | 7 (3.9) | 14 (5.1) | 0.652 |
| ECMO cannula, n (%) | 14 (3.1) | 4 (2.2) | 10 (3.6) | 0.580 |
| Foley catheter, n (%) | 167 (36.6) | 55 (30.7) | 112 (40.4) | 0.037 |
| Surgical drain, n (%) | 40 (8.8) | 14 (7.8) | 26 (9.4) | 0.614 |
| Chest tube, n (%) | 39 (8.3) | 14 (7.8) | 25 (9.0) | 0.773 |
| Ventricular assist device, n (%) | 11 (2.4) | 3 (1.7) | 8 (2.9) | 0.543 |
| Intracranial pressure monitor, n (%) | 19 (4.2) | 6 (3.4) | 13 (4.7) | 0.539 |
| Pressure ulcer(s), at least one, n (%) | 48 (10.5) | 15 (8.4) | 33 (11.9) | 0.275 |
| Nurse to patient ratio, n (%) | 0.503 | |||
| 2:1 or 1:1 | 215 (47.1) | 88 (49.2) | 127 (45.8) | |
| 1:2 or 1:3 | 241 (52.9) | 91 (50.8) | 150 (54.2) | |
| Family present at bedside | 354 (77.6) | 160 (89.4) | 194 (70.0) | < 0.001 |
PT physical therapist, OT occupational therapist, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, CPAP continuous positive airway pressure, MV mechanical ventilation, ETT endotracheal tube, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, CVC central venous catheter, FiO2 fractional inspired oxygen concentration, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale
*Median (IQR)
aIf mechanically ventilated (total, n = 237; PT/OT provided, n = 100; no PT/OT provided, n = 137)
bExcluding milrinone