Table 2.
Mean (SD) Impulse Hammer Cervical and Ocular VEMP Response Characteristics per Force Level and per Group.
| Cervical VEMP | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hard Force Level (41 – 60 N) | Medium Force Level (21 – 40 N) | Soft Force Level (2 – 20 N) | |||||||||||||
| Group | p13 | n23 | *AMP | EMG | *CA | p13 | n23 | *AMP | EMG | *CA | p13 | n23 | *AMP | EMG | *CA |
| Adults | 13.80 (2.14) | 20.73 (3.73) | 422.27 (186.90) | 243.14 (111.1) | 1.87 (0.80) | 13.88 (1.86) | 21.67 (2.87) | 299.61 (112.67) | 249.09 (97.94) | 1.23 (0.47) | 15.41 (2.88) | 23.76 (2.86) | 199.77 (78.16) | 236.11 (87.86) | 0.88 (0.22) |
| Adolescents | Not performed | 14.23 (2.04) | 21.57 (3.59) | 364.00 (281.10) | 232.04 (79.91) | 1.62 (0.54) | 16.44 (1.73) | 22.02 (1.50) | 204.62 (119.92) | 206.81 (98.49) | 0.91 (0.41) | ||||
| Children | Not performed | 14.67 (.89) | 20.14 (1.74) | 423.15 (329.62) | 249.87 (94.42) | 1.70 (1.04) | 15.39 (1.21) | 21.20 (1.65) | 298.78 (163.03) | 249.62 (67.44) | 1.19 (0.50) | ||||
| Ocular VEMP | |||||||||||||||
| Hard Force Level (41 – 60 N) | Medium Force Level (21 – 40 N) | Soft Force Level (2 – 20 N) | |||||||||||||
| n10 | p16 | *AMP | n10 | p16 | *AMP | n10 | p16 | *AMP | |||||||
| Adults | 10.10 (1.15) | 14.86 (1.21) | 53.83 (35.89) | 11.05 (1.29) | 15.86 (1.39) | 37.71 (25.76) | 13.25 (1.59) | 17.87 (2.01) | 22.57 (13.82) | ||||||
| Adolescents | Not performed | 11.32 (2.33) | 16.45 (2.17) | 30.64 (18.73) | 12.52 (1.65) | 17.69 (1.57) | 16.37 (9.90) | ||||||||
| Children | Not performed | 11.15 (.69) | 16.47 (.42) | 29.75 (20.52) | 12.45 (1.65) | 17.54 (0.81) | 17.15 (9.37) | ||||||||
Abbreviations: AMP, uncorrected peak-to-peak amplitude; EMG, electromyography; CA, corrected peak-to-peak amplitude; VEMP, vestibular evoked myogenic potential. p13/n23 and n10/p16 latencies recorded in milliseconds; AMP and EMG recorded in microvolts. EMG represents the average RMS using a 100-microvolt minimum; CA (RMS) = AMP divided by average EMG (RMS). CAs can vary depending on whether mean rectified or RMS EMG is used. RMS is typically 1.25 times larger than rectified, resulting in smaller CAs
Denotes a significant mean increase in cervical and ocular VEMP amplitude as force level increased (p < .05) for adults, adolescents and children.