Table 1.
Patients with gram-negative bacteremia with and without follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs).
| Parameter | No. (%) of patients (n=1702) | p value | No. (%) of patients (n=1113) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No FUBC (n=538) | FUBC (n=1164) | Negative FUBCs (n=885) | Positive FUBCs (n=228) | |||
| Mean age (yrs + SD) | 62 ± 16 | 60 ± 16 | 0.005 | 60 ± 16 | 59 ± 15 | 0.5 |
| Race | 0.16 | 0.84 | ||||
| White | 372 (69) | 750 (64) | 568 (64) | 149 (65) | ||
| Black | 141 (26) | 355 (30) | 270 (31) | 69 (30) | ||
| Other | 25 (5) | 59 (5) | 47 (5) | 10 (4) | ||
| Female | 234 (44) | 532 (46) | 0.39 | 399 (45) | 104 (46) | 0.89 |
| Medical History | ||||||
| Recent corticosteroid use | 106 (20) | 305 (26) | 0.004 | 221 (25) | 70 (31) | 0.08 |
| Neoplasm | 234 (44) | 430 (37) | 0.009 | 327 (37) | 79 (35) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 174 (32) | 408 (35) | 0.27 | 318 (36) | 76 (33) | 0.46 |
| Intravenous drug use | 7 (1) | 22 (2) | 0.38 | 19 (2) | 1 (<1) | 0.08 |
| Transplant recipient | 44 (8) | 188 (16) | <0.0001 | 137 (16) | 44 (19) | 0.16 |
| Rheumatologic disorder | 11 (2) | 31 (3) | 0.44 | 21 (2) | 10 (4) | 0.1 |
| HIV | 8 (2) | 19 (2) | 0.82 | 17 (2) | 2 (1) | 0.28 |
| Hemodialysis dependence | 37 (7) | 135 (12) | 0.003 | 94 (11) | 37 (16) | 0.02 |
| Site of acquistion | 0.09 | 0.11 | ||||
| Community-acquired | 389 (72) | 795 (68) | 619 (70) | 147 (65) | ||
| Hospital-acquired | 149 (28) | 369 (32) | 266 (30) | 81 (36) | ||
| Source of infection | <0.0001 | 0.0002 | ||||
| Skin/soft tissue | 29 (5) | 70 (6) | 59 (7) | 10 (4) | ||
| Endovascular | 35 (7) | 185 (16) | 120 (14) | 57 (25) | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 83 (15) | 164 (14) | 123 (14) | 30 (13) | ||
| Genitourinary | 201 (37) | 350 (30) | 281 (32) | 59 (26) | ||
| Respiratory/lung | 28 (5) | 96 (8) | 78 (9) | 14 (6) | ||
| Other | 28 (5) | 87 (8) | 56 (6) | 24 (11) | ||
| Unknown | 134 (25) | 212 (18) | 168 (19) | 34 (15) | ||
| Central venous catheter | 90 (17) | 237 (20) | 0.08 | 165 (19) | 53 (23) | 0.12 |
| Cardiac device | 30 (6) | 109 (9) | 0.008 | 76 (9) | 30 (13) | 0.04 |
| Fever | ||||||
| initial blood culture | 364 (70) | 681 (61) | 0.001 | 531 (60) | 125 (55) | 0.17 |
| follow-up blood culture | 220 (25) | 73 (32) | 0.03 | |||
| Mean APACHE-II score (SD) | 7.4 (5.4) | 7.3 (5.9) | 0.67 | 7.2 (4.8) | 7.5 (4.9) | 0.33 |
| Hypotension (SBP<90) | 152 (30) | 259 (23) | 0.002 | 188 (22) | 57 (25) | 0.26 |
| WBC count (>10) | 281 (52) | 653 (56) | 0.14 | 388 (44) | 97 (43) | 0.72 |
| Hospital Service | 0.36 | 0.13 | ||||
| Medicine | 349 (65) | 781 (67) | 608 (69) | 149 (65) | ||
| Intensive care unit | 23 (4) | 41 (4) | 34 (4) | 4 (2) | ||
| Surgery | 144 (27) | 311 (27) | 223 (25) | 66 (29) | ||
| Other | 22 (4) | 31 (3) | 20 (2) | 9 (4) | ||
| Days to effective therapy | 0.001 | 0.08 | ||||
| 0 days | 346 (64) | 729 (63) | 568 (64) | 127 (56) | ||
| 1 day | 131 (24) | 237 (20) | 168 (19) | 59 (26) | ||
| 2 days | 26 (5) | 85 (7) | 63 (7) | 19 (8) | ||
| ≥3 days | 25 (5) | 105 (9) | 79 (9) | 22 (10) | ||
| Unknown | 10 (2) | 8 (1) | 7 (<1) | 1 (<1) | ||
| Duration of effective therapy | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Median (range) | 13 (8–16) | 15 (13–19) | 14 (12–18) | 17 (14–24) | ||
| ≤ 7 days | 122 (23) | 139 (12) | 104 (12) | 25 (11) | ||
| 8–14 days | 227 (42) | 409 (35) | 345 (39) | 47 (21) | ||
| ≥15 days | 166 (31) | 596 (51) | 419 (47) | 154 (68) | ||
| Unknown | 23 (4) | 20 (2) | 17 (2) | 2 (<1) | ||
| Antimicrobial resistance | ||||||
| Fluoroquinolone susceptible | 411 (81) | 846 (77) | 0.06 | 638 (77) | 172 (76) | 0.87 |
| Carbapenem susceptible | 520 (97) | 1083 (93) | 0.003 | 830 (94) | 202 (89) | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: N/A – Not applicable; FUBC – follow-up blood culture; SBP - systolic blood pressire; SD – standard deviation; WBC – white blood cell count (>10 × 109/L).