Table 2:
Mild Stroke Sample Characteristics
| Author/Year/Country | Sample Size |
Age | Sex | Outcome Measures used to Classify |
Imaging, Medical Indicators, and Clinical Signs and Symptoms |
Time Since Stroke Onset |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adamit/2015/Israel | 249 | 68.6 ± 9.9 (50-92) | Male: 142 (57%) Female: 107 (43%) | NIHSS ≤4 | Cognition | 3 months and 6 months |
| Alt Murphy/2011/Sweden | 19 | 58.56 ± 8.85 | NR | FMA 58-64 | Motor function | Mean: 18.9 months (SD: 16.4) Range 6-63 |
| Atanassova/2006/Bulgaria | 155 | 62.31 ± 5.82 | Male: 97 (62.6%), Female: 58 (37.4%) | mRS 1-3 | CT, MRI, Doppler ultrasound | NR |
| Bejot/2013/France, UK | Dijon: 229 OXVASC : 388 | NR | Male: 752 (45.6%) Female: 898 (54.4%) | NIHSS ≤2; physician stating in medical record | NR | NR |
| Bejot/2017/France | 985 | Minor stroke: <50: 90 (17.05%) 50-65: 160 (30.30%) 65-80: 188 (35.60%) ≥80: 90 (17.05%) Mild stroke: <50: 72 (15.8%) 50-65: 132 (28.9%) 65-80: 164 (35.9%) ≥80: 89 (19.5%) | Male: 602 (61%) Female: 383 (39%) | Minor: NIHSS ≤3 Mild: NIHSS 4-9 | CT, MRI | < 4.5 hours [802 (52.2%)]; >4.5 hours [437 (28.5%)]; Unknown [297 (19.3%)] |
| Bhattacharjee/2012/India | 33 | NR | NR | mRS 1-2; NIHSS ≤5 | Cognition, Motor function | Onset, 28 days, 6 months, and 1 year follow-up |
| Boulos/2017/Canada | 30 | 63.7± 13.5 | Male: 17 (57%) Female: 13 (43%) | NIHSS≤3 | NR | 14 days |
| Bustren/2017/Sweden | 22 | 60.7 ± 11.5 | Male: 15 (68%) Female: 7 (32%) | FMA-UE mild impairment between 58 and 66 of the contralesional arm | Motor function | 3 days post stroke, 4 weeks, and 3 months post-stroke |
| Carlsson/2003/Sweden | 75 | 59.6±11.3 (30-75) | Male: 52 (69%) Female: 23 (31%) | Barthel Index 50-100 | Subtle sequelae | 1 year |
| Carlsson/2004/Sweden | 15 | 50 (30-69) | Male: 8 (53%) Female: 7 (47%) | Barthel Index 50-100 | Cognition | 1 year |
| Chang/2017/Korea | 455 | 61.27 ± 13.21 (21.4-92.1) | Male: 300 (65.9%), Female: 155 (34.1%) | NIHSS ≤5 (ischemic stroke); GCS 14-15 (hemorrhagic stroke) | Cognition, Motor function | Arrival to hospital: 24.37 (SD: 32.00) Range 1.0-159.0; and 7 days, 6 months post-stroke assessment |
| Chappell/2017/UK | 264 | 65.3 ± 11.3 | NR | NIHSS ≤4 | MRI | Baseline and 1 year follow-up, exact time NR |
| Dabrowska-Bender/2017/Poland | 23 | NR | NR | NIHSS (no ranking reported) | Depression | >1 month from study |
| Daniels/2017/USA | 78 | NR | NR | NIHSS ≤5 | MRI | Onset, upon hospital admission MRI assessment-44.9 hours (SD26.4) |
| Divya/2017/India | 256 | 65.0 ± 9.3 | Male: 215 (84%), Female: 41 (16%) | NIHSS ≤5; mRS ≤2 | CT, MRI | 3 months post |
| Edwards/2006/USA | 219 | 64.74 ± 15.87 | Male: 94 (43%), Female: 125 (57%) | NIHSS ≤5 | CT, MRI | 6 months |
| Eriksson/2013/USA | 99 | NR | NR | NIHSS ≤5 | Participation | 4-9 months; Mean 6.4 months |
| Fang/2010/Canada | 13,638 | NR | NR | CNS =8 | NR | Emergency admissions |
| Faulkner/2015/New Zealand | 27 | 65 ± 11 | Male: 15 (56%), Female: 12 (44%) | New Zealand’s TIA/stroke guidelines | Focal cerebral retinal symptoms | 7 days of symptom onset (baseline, 8 week, 12 month follow-up) |
| Faulkner/2017/New | 60 | NR | NR | NIHSS ≤5 | Blood pressure, Blood lipid | 2 weeks |
| Zealand | profile | |||||
| Fride/2015/Israel | 163 | 63.75 ± 7.7 (50-89) | Male: 117 (71.8%) Female: 46 (28.2%) | NIHSS ≤5 | Cognition | 3 months |
| Gadodia/2016/USA | 1,614 | 67 (57-77) | Male: 855 (53%), Female: 759 (47%) | NIHSS ≤5 | NR | During acute hospitalization, exact time NR |
| Ghahremanfard/2013/Iran | 15 | 61.9 ± 11.6 | Male: 9 (60%), Female: 6 (40%) | mRS ≤2 | Mean platelet volume (MPV) | Neurology clinic, exact time NR |
| Hsieh/2017/Taiwan | 7260 | NR | NR | NIHSS ≤5 | Old age, Prior hospitalization, Comorbidity, Complications | During acute hospitalization, exact time NR |
| Joa/2017/Korea | 87 | NR | NR | Korean NIHSS ≤5 | Cognition, Motor function | Beginning of rehabilitation, exact time NR |
| Jung/2015/South Korea | 3025 | NR | Male: 1,850 (61.2%) Female: 1,175 (38.8%) | NIHSS ≤4 | CT, MRI | Hospital admission (within 5 days of symptom onset) |
| Kim/2015/Korea | 80 | 63.8 ± 13.6 | Male: 54 (67.5%) Female: 26 (32.5%) | MMSE ≥24; mRS ≤3 | Cognition, Motor function | Hospital admission and each hospital day and follow-up |
| Lin/2006/Taiwan | 376 | 66.0 ± 11.6 | Male: 230 (61%) Female: 146 (39%) | NIHSS ≤3 | CT, MRI | 48 hours |
| Liu/2015/China | 211 | 60.2 ± 12.6 | Male: 155 (73.5%) Female: 56 (26.5%) | NIHSS ≤3 | MRI | 24 hours |
| Luengo-Fernandez/2009/UK | 275 | NR | NR | NIHSS ≤3 | NR | < 14 days |
| Moustafa/2010/UK | 6 | 68.3 | Male: 4 (66.7%) Female: 2 (33.3%) | NR | PET, MRI, Doppler ultrasound | 47 days (SD 31 days) |
| Muren/2008/Norway | 30 | 58.0 ± 9.0 | Male: 17 (57%) Female: 13 (43%) | NR | Cognition. Communication, Motor function, | 60 months (SD 27 months) Range 16-104 months |
| Muus/2010/Denmark | 105 | Male: 65.8 mean (range: 40-83)† Female: 66.3 mean (range: 42-87) Pooled average: 66 mean (range: 40-87) | Male: 63 (60%) Female: 42 (40%) | SSS 45-58 | Cognition, Motor function | 3 and 12 months |
| Muus/2011/Denmark | 93 | NR | NR | SSS (45-58) | Cognition, Motor function | 3, 12 and 24 months |
| Novak/2004/USA | 15 | 53.1 ± 1.6 | Male: 5 (33.3%) Female: 10 (66.7%) | mRS <3 | CT, MRI | 18.3 months (SD 4.5 months) after acute onset |
| O’Brien/2010/USA | 98 | 51.53 ± 7.74 | Male: 54 (55.1%), Female: 44 (44.9%) | NIHSS ≤3 | Cognition, Motor function | 6 months-18 months post stroke |
| Ois/2009/Spain | 163 | 71.8 ± 10.4 (45-92) | Male: 97 (59.5%) Female: 66 (40.5%) | NIHSS ≤6 | CT, MRI | 6 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days |
| Pfaff/2016/Germany | 33 | 68.0 ± 16.0 | Male: 14 (42.4%) Female: 19 (57.6%) | NIHSS ≤8 | CT, MRI | Time from onset to imaging 175 minutes (IQR 72-279); Time from onset to tPA 156 minutes IIQR 94-238) |
| Rist/2013/USA | 27,728 | 54.7 ± 7.1 | Male: 0 (0%) Female: 27,728 (100%) | mRS ≤1 | Cholesterol level | 8.4 years |
| Rochette/2007/Canada | 35 | 72.3 ± 10.5 | Male: 15 (42.9%), Female: 20 (57.1%) | CNS >8.5/11.5 | Motor function | 2-3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months |
| Rozon/2015/Canada | 186 | 63.3 ± 12.5 | Male: 105 (56.4%), Female: 81 (43.6%) | CNS >8.5/11.5; mRS ≤2 | Motor function | 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year |
| Ruuskanen/2010/Finland | 37 | Median: 62 (IQR 57-71) | Male: 24 (64.9%), Female: 13 (35.1%) | NIHSS ≤4 | Cognition | Average 4 days after onset (MD 4.00) Range 1-11 |
| Sarker/2008/UK | 259 | NR | NR | GCS >12 | CT, MRI, Cerebrospinal fluid analysis, Post mortem examination | 3 months, 1 year, yearly over 10 years |
| Seymour/2014/USA | 13 | 62.08 ± 15.10 (36-82) | Male: 9 (69.2%) Female: 4 (30.8%) | NIHSS ≤5 | Sexual functioning | 6-18 months |
| Shi/2015/China | 757 | 61.14 ± 11.56 | Male: 513 (67.8%), Female: 244 (32.2%) | NIHSS ≤3 | CT, MRI | 14 days (SD 2 days), 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after stroke |
| Shi/2016/China | 747 | 61.0 ± 11.5 | Male: 507 (67.9%), Female: 240 (32.1%) | NIHSS ≤3 | Cognition, Depression, CT, MRI | 14 days (SD 2 days), 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after stroke |
| Song/2014/China | 3,231 | 64.18 ± 12.31 | Male: 1999 (61.9%) Female: 1232 (38.1%) | NIHSS ≤4 | Statin use, CT, MRI | Time onset to admission: Non-statin 15.72 (SD 8.32); Statin 16.47 (SD 8.19) |
| Tellier/2011/Canada | 8 | 56.9 ± 9.2 | Male: 2 (25%) Female: 6 (75%) | CNS >8.5; mRS ≤2; | Cognition, Motor function, Participation, Mood | NR |
| Torres-Mozqueda/2008/USA | 172 | 69.3 (SE = 1.0) | Male: 94 (54.7%) Female: 78 (45.3%) | NR | CT, MRI | Acute onset, exact time NR |
| Tseng/2006/Taiwan | 193 | 64.0 ± 11.0 | Male: 116 (60%) Female: 77 (40%) | NIHSS ≤6 | CT, MRI | Onset <24 hours, exact time < 24 hours from admission in 81% of sample |
| Valdes Hernandez/2015/USA | 195 | 77.73 ± 6.42 | Male: 65 (33%) Female: 130 (67%) | MMSE ≥23 | MRI | Acute onset, NR exact time |
| Villain/2017/France | 34 | 57.52 ± 14.87 | Male: 22 (64.7%) Female: 12 (35.3%) | NIHSS ≤6 | Cognition, Depression | Outcomes within 24 hours following admission and at 3 months, exact time NR |
| Volonghi/2013/UK | 216 | 71.0 ± 12.5 | Male: 121 (56%) Female: 95 (44%) | NIHSS ≤3 | Cognition | Outcomes at 1 year and 5 year follow-up, exact time NR |
| Ward/2017/UK | 27 | 52.93 ± 9.52 | Male: 17 (63%) Female: 10 (37%) | NIHSS 1-5 | CT, MRI | Within 2 weeks of onset |
| Wolf/2011/USA | 53 | 56.2 ± 12.8 (33-51) | Male: 23 (43%) Female: 30 (57%) | NIHSS ≤5 | Cognition | Within 1 week of mild stroke |
| Wolf/2013/USA | 20 | 52.15 ± 7.43 | Male: 9 (45%) Female: 11 (55%) | NIHSS ≤5 | Cognition | Within 3 weeks post discharge from acute (Mean 21.95 days, SD 10.68), 6 months post (Mean 178.50, SD 47.90) |
| Wolf/2017/USA | 14 | 52.93 ± 9.52 | Male: 6 (43%) Female: 8 (57%) | NIHSS 1-5 | Cognition | At least 6 months post-stroke |
| Xue/2017/China | 438 | 58 (50-67) | Male: 230 (52.5%), Female: 208 (47.5%) | NIHSS ≤4 | CT, MRI, Hyperglycemia | Assessment on admission and 3 months post, exact time NR |
| Zhang/2014/Australia | 76 | 67.2 ± 10.6 | Male: 44 (57.9%), Female: 32 (42.1%) | NIHSS ≤3 | Blood pressure | Within 7 days after initial stroke |
| Zhang/2017/China | 217 | 62.4 ± 8.03 | Male: 147 (67.7%), Female: 70 (32.3%) | NIHSS ≤5 | MRI | Assessment on admission and 30 days post, exact time NR |
| Zhang/2017/China | 229 | 66.6 ± 10.7 | Male: 123 (53.7%), Female: 106 (46.3%) | NIHSS ≤3 | MRI | < 3 days after onset, thyroid tested within 24 hours from admission, MRI within 7 days |
| Zhou/2017/China | 242 | 46.0 (43-48) | Male: 168 (69.4%), Female: 74 (30.6%) | NIHSS ≤8 | CT, MRI | < 3 days after onset, mRS assessment evaluated at 14 days post |
Note.
†
Age only reported by sex. 6MWT = 6-minute Walk Test; CNS = Canadian Neurological Scale; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; FMA = Fugl-Meyer Assessment; FMA-UE = Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity; MMSE = Mini-mental State Examination; MOCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; mRS = Modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NR = not reported; SIS = Stroke Impact Scale; SSS= Scandinavian Stroke Scale.