Table 3.
Unintentional Overdose, Suicide, and Other Mortality Within 1 Year Among Subgroups of California Emergency Department Patients Presenting in 2009–2011 With Opioid Overdose
| Opioid overdose patients with comorbid sedative/hypnotic diagnosis (N=4,186) | Opioid overdose patients without eomorbid sedative/hypnotic diagnosis (N=16,894) | HRadi (95% CI)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manner of death | Deaths, n | Mortality per 100,000 person-years | Deaths, n | Mortality per 100,000 person-years | |
| Unintentional injury | |||||
| Overdose | 89 | 2,243.0 | 279 | 1,767.2 | 1.30 (1.02, 1.66) |
| Other causes | 16 | 403.2 | 35 | 221.7 | 1.83 (1.01, 3.32) |
| All causes | 105 | 2,646.3 | 314 | 1,988.9 | 1.36 (1.09, 1.70) |
| Suicide | |||||
| Overdose | <11a | 252.0 | 19 | 120.4 | 1.94 (0.90, 4.20) |
| Other causes | <11a | 201.6 | 26 | 164.7 | 1.28 (0.58, 2.84) |
| All causes | 18 | 453.6 | 45 | 285.0 | 1.58 (0.91, 2.74) |
| Homicide | <11a | 25.2 | <11a | 50.7 | 0.80 (0.10, 6.58) |
| Injury of undetermined | <11a\ | 50.4 | 13 | 82.3 | 0.56 (0.13, 2.48) |
| intent | |||||
| All external | 126 | 3,175.5 | 380 | 2,407.0 | 1.34 (1.10, 1.65) |
| Natural causes | 241 | 6,073.8 | 1,351 | 8,557.4 | 0.74 (0.65, 0.85) |
| All-cause | 367 | 9,249.3 | 1,731 | 10,964.3 | 0.86 (0.77, 0.96) |
Note: Boldface indicates statistically significant association (p<0.05).
a
Exact cell counts suppressed to protect patient confidentiality.
b
Hazard ratios adjusted for patient age, sex, race/ethnicity, and payer at index visit.