TABLE 1.

Model parameters used for simulations

Parameter	Value(s) used in the simulations	Description	Reference(s) where applicablea	Representative value ranges and additional references, where applicable
xmax,ymax	900 μm, 150 μm	Physical size of the system	N/A
dl, dV	3 μm, 27 μm4	Length and volume of a grid element	N/A
Nmax	1.1–8 mg liter−1	Maximum density of substrates (range of values investigated in this study)	83
Nmax	0.055−0.4 mg liter−1	Well-mixed simulation nutrient availability	84
DN	2.3 × 10−6 cm2 s−1	Diffusivity of substrate	83
h	15 μm	Diffusion boundary layer height
KN	1.18 mg liter−1	Half-saturation constant for substrate	35, 85	5−225 for biofilm heterotrophic bacterial biomass, including fecal coliforms, e.g., E. coli (85, 86)
				4.86 for Pseudomonas putida F1 on glucose (87)
δE	20 (m h)−1	Erosion constant	36
ms	10−12 g	Bacterial mass per cell	88	10−12 for E. coli DSM 613
μsb	14.1 day−1	Maximum growth rate	89	17.8 for E. coli K-12 on glucose (90)
				4.8−17.6 for E. coli K-12 on different substrates (91)
				6.1 for wastewater heterotrophic bacterial biomass (92)
Smax	200 g liter−1	Maximum active biomass density	93
Y	0.495	Yield of substrate converted to biomass	74	0.69–0.77 for wastewater bacteria (94)
				0.41 for E. coli K-12 on glucose (90)
				0.41−0.51 for P. putida F1 on glucose (87)
β	120	Phage burst size	8, 95	Bacteriophage T7
DP	3.82 × 10−7 cm2 s−1	Phage diffusivity constant	This study	Bacteriophage T7
I	0.067−0.12 (ms μm3)−1 s−1	Rate of interaction of phage particles with biomass particles	This study
δP	0.001−10 (μm2 h)−1	Phage removal rate	8, 95
τ	28.8 min	Incubation period before lysis	15	Bacteriophage T7
γ	2.92 h−1	Infection rate per biomass per phage

^aN/A, not available.

^bThe maximum growth rate is determined from the model equations as μ_J = q_JY. q_J is the substrate uptake rate with a value of 28.5 g day⁻¹ as in Lapisdou and Rittman (89).