Fig. 1. The lung TNFR2⁺ cDC2 population maintains lung tolerance and prevents lung inflammation at steady state.

a Numbers of lung CD4⁺ T cells at steady state in C57BL/6 J (n = 7), Batf3^−/− (n = 6), CCR2^−/− (n = 4), and IRF4^fl/flCD11c^cre (n = 7) mice. Data were compiled from two independent experiments. b Numbers of lung CD4⁺ T cells in WT (n = 12), IRF4^fl/flCD11c^cre (n = 10), RelB^fl/flCD11c^cre (n = 7), and TNFR2^fl/flCD11c^cre (n = 5) mice at steady state. Data were representative of two independent experiments. c Image of mediastinal lymph nodes (mLNs; top) and spleens (bottom) in of 7- to 8-week-old knockout strains at steady state; n = 3 mice/group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d Numbers of CD45⁺ cells in the lungs (left), mLNs (center), and spleens (right) in the indicated strains at steady state; n = 3 mice/group. Data were representative of two independent experiments. e Numbers of CD4⁺ T cells in IRF4^fl/flCD11c^cre mice 14 days post cell adoptive transfer. TNFR2⁺ or TNFR2⁻ cDC2 were sorted from WT mice lung and intranasally (i.n.) transferred into IRF4^fl/flCD11c^cre recipient mice; n = 4–6 mice/group. Data are representative of two independent experiments. f Numbers of lung Foxp3⁺CD4⁺ T-reg cells at steady state in C57BL/6 J, Batf3^−/−, CCR2^−/−, and IRF4^fl/flCD11c^cre mice; n = 4–5 mice/group. Data were representative of two independent experiments. Graphs represent the mean with error bars indication s.e.m. P values determined by one-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, and ***P < 0.0001.