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. 2020 Jun 23;10:10161. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67052-z

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Infrared (IR) imaging for a microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) and stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) sample (light blue) compared to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). IR imaging results of exemplary CRC tissue regions (A,C,H,J) are shown in comparison to H&E staining (B,I). Shown in (A,H) are muscle (white), infiltrating inflammatory cells (yellow), connective tissue (green), and pathologic regions (red) and in (C,J), microsatellite status is shown as follows: MSI-H in orange (C) and MSS in light blue (J). For more details on RFs, please refer to Fig. 1A. In D-G and K-N, the four IHC protein markers MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 are shown for adjacent tissue sections. For MSI-H, negative staining for MLH1 (E) and PMS2 (G) indicates the defect in these mismatch repair (MMR) proteins.