TABLE 1.

The mechanical properties of various cellular designs.

Design		Materials	Porosity (%)	Mechanical properties			References
				Young’s modulus (GPa)	Yield stress (MPa)	Compressive strength (MPa)
Cortical bone		–		14.0 ± 9	109.60 ± 4.70	202 ± 38	Gu and Zheng (2010)
Cancellous bone		–		0.79 ± 0.78	55.30 ± 8.60	–	Gu and Zheng (2010), Bobbert et al. (2017)
				4.59 ± 1.60	–	–	Choi et al. (1990)
Body centered cubic			33.78 ± 0.01	9.0 ± 0.6	392 ± 14	532 ± 11
		Ti6Al4V	53.06 ± 0.01	4.6 ± 0.4	192 ± 14	256 ± 4
			71.87 ± 0.01	1.6 ± 0.2	53 ± 4	74 ± 2
			51.90 ± 0.02	3.5 ± 0.5	86 ± 11	128 ± 8	Onal et al. (2018)
		Polyamide	Graded 0.74–0.89	0.01	0.01	–	Maskery et al. (2016)
BCCZ		Polyamide	Graded 0.74–0.89	0.37	0.01	–
Face Centered Cubic/Diamond			–	4.24	99.64	–
			64	3.70	70.60 ± 7.00	113.00 ± 17.30	Ahmadi et al. (2014, 2015), Amin Yavari et al. (2015), Kadkhodapour et al. (2015)
		Ti6Al4V	72	2.20	31.70 ± 13.00	57.00 ± 12.80
			79	1.50	28.90 ± 6.20	46. 50 ± 2.50
			89	0.50	6.80 ± 2.30	15.10 ± 0.30
			33.8 ± 0.8	3.70 ± 0.20	–	115.20 ± 12.80	Li et al. (2016)
		Ti6Al4V	50.9 ± 0.6	2.30 ± 0.10	–	51.50 ± 6.40
			61.3 ± 0.4	1.70 ± 0.20	–	33.10 ± 5.40
		Iron	77.7 ± 1	1.70 ± 0.10	22.50	–	Li et al. (2018b)
		Magnesium	64 ± 0.2	0.70 ± 0.10	15.00	–	Li et al. (2018c)
		Ti6Al4V	Graded 21.0 to 91.3	19.60–0.60	227.90–17.90	295.90–22.10	Zhang et al. (2019)
FCCZ		Ti35Zr28Nb	83.2 ± 2.3	1.1 ± 0.1	–	27 ± 2	Li Y. et al. (2019)
FBCCZ		Ti35Zr28Nb	49.9 ± 3.2	1.3 ± 0.1	–	58 ± 3
The Rhombic Dodecahedron		Ti6Al4V	75	0.95 ± 0.05	–	50.00 ± 0.90	Liu et al. (2016)
		Ti24Nb4Zr8Sn	70	4.36	–	–	Nune et al. (2017b)
		Ti6Al4V	62.1	6.30 ± 0.10	–	112.00 ± 2.80	Zhao et al. (2016)
TPMS	P surface	Photopolymer resin	30	0.15	3.10	–	Afshar et al. (2016, 2018)
			60	0.49	26.10	–
		Ti6Al4V	62	11	–	–	Du Plessis et al. (2018)
		Photopolymer resin	Graded 30–60	0.35	8.00	–	Afshar et al. (2016, 2018)
	D surface	Ti6Al4V	5	17.19	1581		Yuan et al. (2019)
			10	15.73	1342
		Photopolymer resin	30	336.00	14.60	–
			60	79.50	3.50	–
		Ti6Al4V	80	1.25 ± 0.07	69.21 ± 4.22	–	Yuan et al. (2019)
			95	0.12 ± 0.03	4.66 ± 0.13	–
		Photopolymer resin	Graded 30 to 60	170.00	3.60	–	Afshar et al. (2016, 2018)
	G surface	Ti6Al4V	5	19.14	1581		Yuan et al. (2019)
			10	17.45	1342
		Ti6Al4V	70.99 ± 9.3	10.60 ± 0.28	22.44 ± 0.46	–	Zaharin et al. (2018)
			77.86 ± 8.2	5.61 ± 0.36	11.25 ± 0.31	–
		Ti6Al4V	85	1.13 ± 0.53	41.0 ± 3.9	–	Yang et al. (2018)
			95	0.13 ± 0.04	5.2 ± 0.5
	I-WP surface	Photopolymer resin	Graded 40 to 60	234.8	10.00	–	Afshar et al. (2016, 2018)
The Voronoi		Ti6Al4V	70	3.92	–	158	Liang et al. (2019)
			Graded 60 to 95	0.14–2.37	–	1.94–116.61	Wang et al. (2018)
			Graded 50 to 85	2.13–3.97		78.9–130.5	Du et al. (2020)