Metabolic parameters in male offspring at 8 weeks of age. (A) Offspring body weight; (B) Blood glucose values following an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; (C) AUC of blood glucose levels during glucose tolerance test; Insulin sensitivity analyses of young offspring: (D) Fasting serum insulin levels; and (E) HOMA-IR; Fasting serum lipid profiles analysis in offspring at 8 weeks of age: (F) TC; (G) TG; (H) LDL-C; and (I) FFA. C, offspring of dams fed the normal control diet fed; HF, offspring of dams fed the high-fat diet; HFE, offspring of dams intervened with a high-fat diet and exercise. AUC, area under the curve; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FFA, free fatty acid. Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. (C, n = 6; HF, n = 9; HFE, n = 6 in each figure). The statistics were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA, with Turkey post hoc analyses. Mean values show significant differences between C group and the HF group: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; Mean values show significant differences between HF group and the HFE group during: #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001.