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. 2020 Jun 17;11:1188. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01188

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Copyright © 2020 Hofer, Ramberger, Gredler, Pescoller, Rostásy, Sospedra, Hegen, Berger, Lutterotti and Reindl.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CD4⁺ T-cell reactivity to AQP4 peptides in participants with AQP4-Ab (n = 8), MOG-Ab (n = 7), MS (n = 8) and HC (n = 14). (A) CD4⁺ T-cell proliferation after challenging with respective AQP4 peptides and the positive control TTX. The cut-off value of a CDI ≥ 3 is indicated by a gray dashed line. Secretion of GM-CSF (B), IFN-γ (C) and IL-6 (D) after challenging with respective AQP4 peptides and the positive control TTX. The cut-off SI ≥ 3 is indicated by a gray dashed line. AQP4-Ab, aquaporin-4 antibody positive; CDI, cell division index; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor; HC, healthy controls; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MOG-Ab, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody positive; MS, multiple sclerosis; SI, stimulation index; TTX, tetanus toxoid.