Fig. 5.

Dietary carbohydrates modulate β-cell mass and turnover in response to high-fat diets. A: representative examples of pancreatic sections and individual islets stained for insulin (brown or green), glucagon (white), proliferation marker Ki67 (red), and DAPI (blue) imaged at ×5 and ×20 [obtained from mice fed low-fat control (LF); high-fat (HF); high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS); or high-fat ketogenic (HFKETO)]. B–D: quantification of β-cell mass and proliferation in male and female mice exposed to LF, HF, HFHS, and HFKETO for 6 or 12 wk on respective diet. Values are means ± SE (n = 4–8); *P < 0.05 denotes statistical significance vs. LF and ‡P < 0.05 denotes significance vs. HFKETO.