Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of IDE, RRMS patients and healthy controls.
| Control | IDE | RR-MS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eyes (N.) | 30 | 40 | 20 |
| Age, mean ± SD (years) | 28.2 ± 8.6 | 28.9 ± 9.5 | 29.7 ± 6.3 |
| Sex (female/male) | 10/5 | 10/10 | 7/3 |
| EDSS, mean ± SD (Range) | - | 1.85 ± 0.95 (0–2.5) | 2.3 ± 0.57 (1.5–3.5) |
| Annualized relapse rate, mean ± SD | - | - | 0.99 ± 1.05 |
| Disease duration, mean ± SD (years) | - | 1.7 ± 2.3 | 4 ± 1.3 |
| Onset modality | |||
| Brainstem, N. (%) | - | 6 (30%) | 4 (40%) |
| Pyramidal, N. (%) | - | 5 (25%) | 2 (20%) |
| Cerebellar, N. (%) | - | 1 (5%) | 1 (10%) |
| Sensory, N. (%) | - | 7 (35%) | 3 (30%) |
| Bowel/Bladder, N. (%) | - | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Cerebral, N. (%) | - | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) |
| OCT-A parameters (%) | |||
| Superficial capillary plexus, mean ± SD | 53.63 ± 2.53 | 50.43 ± 4.47 | 48.75 ± 4.41 |
| Deep capillary plexus, mean ± SD | 55.97 ± 4.86 | 55.15 ± 6.53 | 53.25 ± 7.06 |
| Choriocapillaris, mean ± SD | 74.10 ± 2.66 | 74.08 ± 2.34 | 74.15 ± 2.54 |
| Radial peripapillary plexus, mean ± SD | 53.23 ± 3.35 | 49.62 ± 2.90 | 45.9 ± 3.93 |
| OCT parameters (μm) | |||
| Ganglion cell complex average, mean ± SD | 100.2 ± 6.79 | 98.61 ± 9.89 | 89.54 ± 9.85 |
| Retinal nerve fiber layer average, mean ± SD | 103.1 ± 8.19 | 101.83 ± 10.88 | 95.15 ± 13.18 |
| Visual Field parameters | |||
| Mean Deviation, mean ± SD | −0.51 ± 1.18 | −0.59 ± 1.61 | −1.19 ± 2.09 |
| Pattern standard deviation, mean ± SD | 2.1 ± 0.46 | 2.42 ± 1.12 | 2.25 ± 0.83 |
| Best-corrected visual acuity, mean ± SD (logMAR) | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.01 ± 0.03 |
IDE, Initial Demyelinating Event; RRMS, Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; OCT-A, Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; SD, Standard Deviation.