TABLE 4.

Latent variables (LVs) constructed by PLIER.

	Basal comparison			RT intervention
	YA	OA	PD	PD pre-RT	PD post-RT	Annotation (if available)
LV1‡	0.49 ± 0.71	0.13 ± 1.22	−0.24 ± 0.62	−0.20 ± 0.28	−0.89 ± 0.41	REACTOME_GLUCOSE_METABOLISM
LV2‡	0.10 ± 0.94	−0.75 ± 1.09	0.07 ± 0.73	0.32 ± 0.65	1.40 ± 0.50	REACTOME_TCA_CYCLE_AND_RESPIRATORY_ELECTRON_ TRANSPORT
LV3‡	0.39 ± 0.87	−0.29 ± 1.12	−0.28 ± 0.57	−0.27 ± 0.59	0.41 ± 0.70	KEGG_PROTEASOME
LV4*‡	0.30 ± 0.67	−0.15 ± 0.61	−0.50 ± 0.55	−0.54 ± 0.33	0.84 ± 0.37	N/A
LV5	0.32 ± 0.60	−0.12 ± 0.69	−0.14 ± 0.89	−0.16 ± 0.8	−0.15 ± 0.84	MIPS_RIBOSOME_CYTOPLASMIC
LV6†	−0.48 ± 0.39	−0.15 ± 0.59	0.46 ± 0.67	0.70 ± 0.31	0.41 ± 0.59	KEGG_VALINE_LEUCINE_AND_ISOLEUCINE_DEGRADATION
LV7	−0.03 ± 0.71	−0.04 ± 0.76	0.21 ± 0.83	0.35 ± 0.75	−0.32 ± 0.34	REACTOME_NUCLEAR_RECEPTOR_TRANSCRIPTION_ PATHWAY
LV8	−0.32 ± 0.88	0.20 ± 0.79	0.11 ± 0.58	0.15 ± 0.52	0.02 ± 0.45	REACTOME_HIV_INFECTION
LV9	0.31 ± 0.65	−0.17 ± 0.98	0.00 ± 1.24	0.40 ± 1.90	−0.32 ± 1.44	REACTOME_CLASS_I_MHC_MEDIATED_ANTIGEN_ PROCESSING_PRESENTATION
LV10	0.04 ± 0.47	−0.15 ± 0.57	0.11 ± 0.34	0.05 ± 0.31	0.01 ± 0.20	N/A
LV11	−0.41 ± 0.51	0.15 ± 0.93	0.11 ± 0.72	−0.01 ± 0.78	0.37 ± 0.54	N/A
LV12	−0.13 ± 0.61	0.12 ± 0.26	−0.03 ± 0.34	0.08 ± 0.36	0.09 ± 0.26	N/A
LV13‡	0.13 ± 0.75	0.35 ± 0.57	0.08 ± 0.56	−0.01 ± 0.51	−1.35 ± 0.27	PID_AR_TF_PATHWAY
LV14‡	−0.22 ± 0.74	0.17 ± 0.34	−0.01 ± 0.34	−0.20 ± 0.12	0.12 ± 0.23	N/A
LV15	−0.21 ± 0.79	0.30 ± 0.63	−0.17 ± 0.53	−0.37 ± 0.26	0.20 ± 0.40	REACTOME_TRNA_AMINOACYLATION
LV16**‡	−0.38 ± 0.46	0.18 ± 0.36	0.28 ± 0.60	0.34 ± 0.75	−0.21 ± 0.61	N/A
LV17‡	0.10 ± 0.89	−0.11 ± 0.71	−0.20 ± 0.68	−0.12 ± 0.59	0.51 ± 0.33	REACTOME_G_ALPHA_I_SIGNALLING_EVENTS
LV18	0.15 ± 0.60	−0.07 ± 0.41	−0.03 ± 0.64	0.02 ± 0.24	−0.10 ± 0.23	N/A
LV19	−0.04 ± 0.42	0.20 ± 0.33	0.01 ± 0.52	−0.30 ± 0.58	−0.43 ± 0.72	N/A
LV20‡	0.53 ± 1.93	−0.19 ± 0.57	−0.36 ± 0.49	−0.54 ± 0.28	0.03 ± 0.43	KEGG_CYTOKINE_CYTOKINE_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION
LV21	−0.16 ± 0.59	0.19 ± 0.34	0.03 ± 0.40	−0.03 ± 0.51	−0.13 ± 0.44	REACTOME_GENERIC_TRANSCRIPTION_PATHWAY
LV22*	−0.35 ± 0.69	0.13 ± 0.59	0.33 ± 0.57	0.22 ± 0.78	−0.27 ± 0.36	REACTOME_GENERIC_TRANSCRIPTION_PATHWAY
LV23‡	−0.01 ± 1.08	−0.02 ± 0.59	0.27 ± 0.89	0.68 ± 0.17	−0.56 ± 0.47	KEGG_SPLICEOSOME
LV24	0.02 ± 0.33	−0.08 ± 0.71	0.13 ± 0.31	−0.02 ± 0.35	−0.17 ± 0.28	N/A
LV25	−0.11 ± 1.44	0.23 ± 0.77	−0.21 ± 0.72	−0.48 ± 0.63	0.21 ± 0.77	REACTOME_EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX_ORGANIZATION

Values represent mean within each LV (latent variable) ± standard deviation; YA, young adults; OA, older adults; PD, Parkinson’s disease; RT, resistance training; N/A, PLIER found no annotation using prior knowledge. *P < 0.05 in PD vs. YA; ^†P < 0.05 in PD vs. both other basal cohorts; **P < 0.05 in YA vs. both other basal cohorts; ^‡P < 0.05 between PD pre- and post-RT.